Much has been written about how the social structures of honor and
shame affected women in Mediterranean antiquity. Sometimes \"honor and shame\" are taken out of context and used as absolute opposites, an oversimplification. Rather, honor and shame function as coordinates within a complex matrix of other societal factors.
Chief among them are kinship, social hierarchy, economic control and effective social networking. Some contemporary studies from southern Europe help illuminate this pattern. The complexity and variation present in the social dynamics of these contemporary
cultures indicate that the same kind of complexity and variation must have been present in ancient cultures too.

HTS Theological Studies Vol. 64 (1) 2008: pp. 323-337