The globally threatened Wattled Crane (Grus carunculatus) was studied from 2001 to 2004 in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Between 2001 and 2003, three aerial surveys covering between 8 123 and 10 677km² were conducted, and the Wattled Crane population estimated to be 1 290 ± 158 based on combined estimates from these surveys. The population estimates were 1 219 ± 343, 1 205 ± 235 and 1 450 ± 273 for 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively. This shows that the Okavango Delta holds the largest single population of Wattled Cranes in the world, containing over 16% of the global population estimate of