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The aim of this paper is to examine the difficulties that belief in a paradisiacal afterlife creates for orthodox theists. In particular, we consider the difficulties that arise when one asks whether there is freedom in Heaven, i.e., whether the denizens of Heaven have libertarian freedom of action. Our main contention is that this ‘Problem of Heaven' makes serious difficulties for proponents of free will theodicies and for proponents of free will defences against arguments from evil.


Philosophical Papers Vol.33(1) 2004: 97-119