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The relationship between environmental factors and plant communities identified using multivariate numerical analyses were investigated in the highlands of southern Ethiopia. Vegetation data were obtained from relev és placed in belt transects along altitudinal gradients on the mountain slopes following the Arbaminch-Chancha road. The relev és were placed in the two transects which ran for about 30 km from 1180 m to 2250 m along the slope representing a 25 m vertical distance between each relev és. The relationship among plant communities and environmental factors were established using one way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Community transition and species diversity are affected, inter alia, by environmental factors including soil properties, slope and aspect which varied significantly (P