Revista Academicus: Revista multidisciplinar

Integration of Health Information Systems in Mozambique

2026-07-06T14:07:35+00:00

Mozambique faces significant challenges in health information management due to the coexistence of multiple disconnected systems, compromising service efficiency and evidence-based decision-making. Objective: To analyze Health Information Systems in Mozambique, highlighting their fragmentation, integration experiences, and gaps for future interventions. Methodology: Systematic review based on the PRISMA protocol, consulting PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, African Index Medicus, MISAU documents, and international organization reports. Empirical studies and technical documents (2010-2024) on HIS in Mozambique were included and analyzed through thematic synthesis. Results: Identified 13 vertical and 14 horizontal systems operating simultaneously. Fragmentation causes professional overload (40% of time spent on registration), data duplication (42% between tuberculosis/HIV), and annual costs of USD 20 million. Pilot experiences in Sofala reduced registration time by 35% and improved completeness by 20%. Main barriers: organizational, technical, and human resource deficits. Final Considerations: Fragmentation compromises efficiency and evidence-based decisions. It is necessary to develop integration policies, harmonized protocols, and capacity building. Gaps persist in the literature regarding impacts on service quality and analyses.

Democracy, political participation and violence

2026-07-06T13:25:08+00:00

The study is divided into three parts. The first, based on hermeneutical and epistemological analysis, aims to propose the need to rethink democracy, taking into account the problems we face, which means thinking about a Mozambican democracy that brings together consensus among Mozambicans. The second argues that political participation through voting (every five years), the only time the people have real power to decide, no longer achieves unanimity; that is, apparently, voting is not sufficient to express the popular will, hence the choice of violence that has characterized the country in all post-election periods. The third and final part presents the impacts of the post-election demonstrations, namely: the normalization of violence as a solution to the problem; distrust and a feeling of lack of credibility in the main political parties; and a feeling of absence of State and Government. In this case, the study seeks to outline the democracy that best suits the Mozambican reality, while simultaneously questioning the forms of political participation in Mozambique. The methodology is based on a qualitative approach, using bibliographic review and documentary analysis of technical reports from civil society organizations, as well as news from the national press. It concludes that although violence has been normalized as a way of resolving conflicts, awareness has emerged regarding the need for political participation among groups that feel excluded. At the same time, the current scenario reveals a profound crisis of distrust towards the main political parties and an urgent challenge in the reconstruction of the Mozambican democratic model.

Identifying the important determinants of the adoption of AI-based accounting software for the SMEs in Pakistan. Binary Logistic Regression

2026-07-06T13:40:07+00:00

Digital accounting with artificial intelligence technology represents a crucial means for facilitating the productivity and competitiveness of small and medium enterprises in developing countries. In regard to the state of Pakistan, the implementation and use of accounting software with artificial intelligence technology in SMEs has yet to reach satisfactory standards despite the crucial part played by SMEs regarding economic resilience in the country. This research aims to explore the crucial factors of the implementation process of accounting software with artificial intelligence technology from a quantitative research perspective. In order to discuss the research objectives and achieve its aims, the research employs the technology acceptance model and organization environment theory. A cross-sectional research design method was adopted to investigate 250 owners/managers of SMEs in the main Pakistani cities. To determine the values of perceptual variables, a 5-point Likert scale was adopted; yet, adoption is a binary variable. By using logistic regression analysis, hypotheses were tested. The results indicate that perceived ease of use and competitive pressure are significant positive predictors, yet perceived cost and security concerns are significant negative predictors. A positive relationship between the owner’s level of education and adoption is marginally significant. The Nagelkerke R² is 58%. The results indicate that, apart from using the basic applications developed through this technology, the adoption mechanism is itself a complex process that is fueled by cost and data security concerns. Implications of this research study would include developing cost-effective models by software companies regarding data security or designing a subsidy program by governments, according to the cost and/or data security concerns of Pakistani SME businessmen.

Unilateral US Attacks and the Violation of State Sovereignty in International Law

2026-07-06T12:47:06+00:00

This study examines, from a legal-dogmatic perspective, the recent interventions attributed to the United States against Venezuela and Iran, in light of the principle of state sovereignty and the normative regime established by the Charter of the United Nations. Using a deductive-qualitative approach, based on bibliographic research of scientific sources and publicly accessible international legal documents, it analyzes the conformity of these actions with the provisions that enshrine the sovereign equality of States, the prohibition of the use of force, and the principle of non-intervention. It argues that the broad interpretation of legitimate self-defense and unilateral action outside the authorization of the Security Council strain the foundations of the contemporary multilateral system. It concludes that such practices constitute a repeated violation of international law, compromising normative stability and the credibility of international institutions, with potential systemic impacts on the global legal order.

Memory and Information Retention in Times of Digital Overload

2026-07-06T14:31:32+00:00

This review article analyzes empirical evidence on the effects of constant access to search engines and social networks on human memory and knowledge processing. It integrates classic and recent findings on transactional memory, cognitive offloading, information overload, and media multitasking, articulating them with digital usage data in Angola. Studies show that the immediate availability of online information alters what we remember (more "where to find it" than the content) and how we allocate cognitive resources, with costs in sustained attention and work capacity when smartphones are present (Sparrow et al., 2011). In Angola, the rapid expansion of the internet and the predominance of mobile access create an ecosystem conducive to habits of continuous consultation and multitasking, with clinical, educational, and organizational implications. Guidelines for psychoeducation, digital hygiene, and the design of environments to optimize retention and learning are proposed.

The role of parents in their children's school education: challenges of the current socioeconomic context

2026-07-20T20:39:58+00:00

In this paper, we seek to bring to light one of the most ignored aspects regarding the role of parents in monitoring their children's education. This proposal is like playing devil's advocate, considering that it seeks to listen to parents, since they are never heard or found guilty when it is said that parents do not monitor their children's teaching and learning process. And we went to school n.º 1026 Capipa, located in the Rocha-Pinto neighborhood, to hear exactly what is really happening on the part of parents. In our particular context, we are faced with an unfavorable reality, given the high cost of living, which forces parents to have two or more jobs in order to meet the family's needs, which leads them to leave home leaving their children sleeping and often when they return home, they also find them sleeping. This study takes an approach that focuses on the role of parents in the educational process of their children, taking into account the current socioeconomic context, marked by the high cost of living and low wages, which forces parents to have two or more sources of income, resulting in an overwhelming amount of work and how all this affects the role that they need to play in their children's school education.

Effect of digital platforms on Return on Investment

2026-08-10T19:06:27+00:00

This study investigates the effect of digital platform usage on Return on Investment (ROI) among smallholder onion farmers at the Igomelo Irrigation Scheme in Tanzania. Using a cross-sectional survey of 399 farmers, the Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) model was applied to account for endogeneity between digital adoption and ROI. Results reveal that digital platforms such as WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram, E-Kilimo, and Fresh Kilimo significantly enhance ROI by improving market access, reducing transaction costs, and increasing marketing efficiency. Instagram and Facebook demonstrated the strongest positive effects, highlighting their role in connecting farmers to premium buyers and transparent pricing systems. Household size, land ownership, and access to credit and extension services were also positively associated with higher ROI, reflecting the importance of socioeconomic and institutional support. The findings underscore that digital platforms are vital for transforming smallholder agriculture by fostering informed decision-making, lowering marketing inefficiencies, and promoting inclusive growth. Policy efforts should focus on improving digital literacy, connectivity, and financial inclusion to sustain ROI growth.

Selection and recruitment of teachers in Angola

2026-08-10T19:34:23+00:00

The selection and recruitment process is currently a vital point for the development of competent professionals, especially in higher education. In this case, teachers involved in Accounting and Administration courses in higher institutes and universities in Angola must enhance their skills, ethical values, and knowledge of the accounting profession, in accordance with the regulations of the Angolan Ministry of Education, to ensure training and meet quality standards in terms of management, research, teaching, and outreach. Therefore, the objective of this research is to propose a recruitment and selection procedure for teachers for the Accounting and Administration course, integrating steps and stages from the submission of teaching documentation, tests, and interviews to placement in educational centers. The research type is descriptive, and the methods used were analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive, document analysis, and techniques such as interviews and specialized tests, in this case, demonstration classes. The result is a fairer and more rigorous selection process that complies with Angolan law, transcending through a screening of candidates seeking excellence in teaching service, from curriculum analysis, completed study averages, semi-structured interviews, methodological classes to the triangulation of results for selection and subsequent recruitment, ensuring that the best professionals reach the classroom to train the next generations in accounting terms.

The jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court

2026-08-10T19:51:05+00:00

This article aims to investigate the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court and the normative incompatibilities between the Rome Statute and the Angolan Constitution. It should be noted that the International Criminal Court, despite being the jurisdictional institution that can best guarantee the protection of Human Rights, depends on the voluntary cooperation of States, either as parties or third parties. However, there are concerns about difficulties in the intervention of the International Criminal Court in the Angolan State, due to the possible conflict with the principle of constitutionality, which asserts the repeal of all norms contrary to the Constitution, and one of these concerns the immunities of sovereign bodies and life imprisonment, which are topics addressed in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court.

The Incidences of Integration Ideas in the Americas and Their Relation to the Rise of Pan-Africanism

2026-08-12T06:10:32+00:00

The study of integrationist ideas in the Americas and their relationship to the emergence of Pan-Africanism falls within the realm of political sociology; it aims to understand the origins of Latin American unity movements during the period when the continent's nations were developing ideas and philosophies of autonomy. These integrationist and autonomist concepts influenced the development of African thought, likewise fostering the creation of Pan-Africanist movements dedicated to promoting African culture, politics, and ontological principles.This is, in fact, a comparative study of two autonomist movements rooted in distinct cultures, social realities, and contexts—yet movements that frequently converge in their ideological aspects. Pan-Africanism is viewed as a movement of advocacy and the restoration of honor and dignity for African people. It was initially established by Henry Sylvester Williams and W.E.B. Du Bois as a movement to promote and disseminate African identity. Later, it was taken up by figures such as Kwame Nkrumah, Jomo Kenyatta, Léopold Senghor, and Gamal Abdel Nasser, evolving into a broad African political and ideological movement for the liberation and integration of Africa and its people. Thus, both Pan-Americanism and Pan-Africanism embodied a philosophy of self-determination and the affirmation of their respective peoples, cultures, realities, and lived experiences.

Money Laundering in Angola

2026-08-13T09:16:55+00:00

This article aims to analyse the legal and institutional challenges involved in the prevention and suppression of money laundering within the Angolan legal system, with particular focus on the structural tension between formal normative compliance and the practical effectiveness of the system. More specifically, it seeks to characterise the criminal framework of the offence, describe the institutional architecture built to combat the phenomenon, and critically assess the system's performance in light of the most recent official data. Methodologically, the study adopts a qualitative approach of an exploratory and descriptive nature, grounded in bibliographic and documentary analysis. Adopting a theoretical-dogmatic reading, the article examines the protected legal interest and the constituent elements of the offence under Law No. 5/20 of 27 January, in dialogue with the solutions adopted in Portugal and Brazil. In a second dimension, the institutional performance of the system is critically analysed based on data from the 2024 Annual Report of the Financial Intelligence Unit (UIF). The results are discussed in light of empirical studies conducted in Portugal and Brazil, as well as regional reports on Sub-Saharan Africa. It is concluded that, notwithstanding a legal framework formally aligned with the standards of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), institutional, operational and coordination constraints persist that undermine the system's effectiveness, as evidenced by Angola's inclusion on the list of jurisdictions under increased monitoring in October 2024.