Genetic diversity of <i>Fusarium</i> wilt races of pigeonpea in major regions of India.

Abstract

Fusarium wilt is a serious fungal disease in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) which causes severe yield loses (up to 90%). Genetic diversity in pigeonpea wilt pathogen [Fusarium udum (fud)] was characterised using 14 isolates collected from major pulse growing regions of India. Twenty four RAPD primers generated a total of 226 bands (ranging 0.3 to 3.0 kb) in F. udum with an average of 9.4 bands per primer and a total of 27 alleles were produced by twelve SSR primers with an average of 2.25 alleles per marker. All isolates amplified a single band ranging from 100 to 450 bp. The universal ITS primer pair amplified 650 bp bands in all fourteen fud isolates, while significant length polymorphism was obtained only when analysed by restriction digestion with EcoRI and Hind III enzymes. Cluster analysis of ITS-RFLP grouped all 14 Fud isolates into three major clusters. Cluster analysis using various markers showed the grouping of Fusarium isolates strictly according to their cultural characteristics and degree of pathogenicity and not the geographical origin. This information will be helpful for pathologists and plant breeders to design effective resistance breeding programmes in pigeonpea taking into account the diversity in wilt pathogen.

Key Words: Cajanus cajan, Fusarium, RAPD, SSR