Effects of 1.84 GHz radio-frequency electromagnetic field on sperm maturation in epididymis microenvironment

Abstract

In recent years, intense interest has been drawn to the effects of radio-frequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) on reproduction. To explore the effects of RF-EMF on sperm maturation in epididymis microenvironment, 24 male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three exposed groups (SAR 1, 2 and 4 W/kg) and one sham group. The rats in exposed group were exposed to 1.84 GHz RFEMF for 5 days (1 h/day). After that, the rats were anaesthetized immediately and epididymis were taken out. Half of them were fixed in 4% formalin and the others were placed in tissue homogenate. The morphology of sperm and microstructure of epididymis were observed under microscope after hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining. Expression of Bin1b protein was detected by immunohistochemistry; the level of glutathione (GSH) and enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), acid  phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and disaccharidase were determined by commercial kits. It was found that,  compared with sham group, the sperm morphology and microstructure of epididymis did not change obviously; similarly, there was no significant change in Bin1b protein expression and the levels of GSH, SOD, ACP and ALP in exposure group. These results  suggest that 1.84 GHz RF-EMF under this experimental condition could not affect the sperm maturation in epididymis  microenvironment of SD rats.

Keywords: 1.84 GHz, radio-frequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF), epididymis, sperm maturation, Bin1b