Biotechnological synthesis of 1,3-propanediol using <i>Clostridium</i> ssp.

Abstract

1,3-Propanediol (PD) is an important chemical product which can be used for synthesis reactions, in particular, as a monomer for polycondensations to produce polyesters, polyethers and polyurethanes. It is produced by two methods, chemical synthesis and microbial conversion. Recently, the increasing interest in microbial conversion was observed. Glycerol is used as a substrate in this process and it may be fermented to 1,3-PD by, among others, Citrobacter ssp., Klebsiella ssp., Lactobacillus ssp., Enterobacter ssp. and Clostridium ssp. strains. The process of microbiological bioconversion pathway of glycerol to 1,3-PD is well known for a long time but microorganisms taking part in this fermentation are pathogenic. Thus, natural producers of 1,3-PD that are non-pathogenic and efficient enough, are still sought. This review deals with the case of 1,3-PD production and microbial formation of 1,3-PD, especially by Clostridium ssp. Moreover, it presents genetic engineering methods used in increasing microorganisms’ efficiency in the glycerol to 1,3 PD fermentation.

Key words: 1,3-Propanediol, Clostridium ssp., fermentation, glycerol.