Tetramethylpyrazine attenuates oleic acid-induced acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome through the downregulation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-_kB) activation in rats

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory activities of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) in the mice model of acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) induced by oleic acid (0.15 ml/kg, intravenous (i.v.)). We report here that TMP (given at 160 mg/kg intraperitoneal (i.p.)) exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects in this model. After 4, 8 and 12 h, animal model reaction was observed and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was obtained to measure proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β) and proteins by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and bicinchoninic acid protein assay kit, respectively. The protein expression of NF-_kB in the lung was measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The results showed an increase in tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1β in the ALI/ARDS rat models. The activation of NF-_kB was suppressed by TMP in the ALI/ARDS rats. The suppression of those molecules is controlled by NF-_kB. These findings support the hypothesis that TMP inhibits the inflammatory process in the lung tissue through the suppression of NF-_kB activation. Nevertheless, further investigations are required to determine the potential clinical usefulness of TMP in the adjunctive therapy for ARDS.

Key words: Tetramethylpyrazine, acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome, inflammatory factors, NF-_kB.