Antifungal, Acute Toxicity and Mutagenicity Activity of Extracts from <i>Datura stramonium</i>, <i>Jacquinia macrocarpa</i> and <i>Krameria erecta</i> on <i> Fusarium verticillioides</i>

Abstract

The effect of Baccharis glutinosa, Jacquinia macrocarpa, and Krameria erecta extracts was investigated on the growth and the spore germination of Fusarium verticillioides (ATCC 52539). Brine shrimp (Artemia salina) was used to evaluate the potential acute toxicity of the fractions obtained from plant extracts. The butanol fraction of J. macrocarpa totally inhibited the radial growth for 144 h and up to 95% after 168 h. The ethyl acetate fraction of B. glutinosa caused 100% of radial growth inhibition for 96 h. The ethyl acetate fractions of B. glutinosa and K. erecta caused the higher inhibitory effect on F. verticillioides spore germination, 100 and 95%, respectively. All plant fractions tested at a concentration of 5.0 mg mL^-1 caused 100% brine shrimp lethality after 24 h. The Ames test did not reveal the presence of an evident mutagenic activity.

Keywords: Antifungal Activity, Plant Extracts, Brine Shrimp Bioassay, Mutagenicity Assay, Fusarium verticillioides