African Journal of Management Research

Factors affecting job satisfaction and retention of Medical Laboratory Professionals in Ghana

2023-11-09T21:01:52+00:00

Job satisfaction and retention assessments have been widely used to assess employees’ job contentment, affection, and motivation in institutions including the health sector. However, these evaluations are missing in Ghana, particularly among the medical laboratory fraternity. Thus, this study assessed the factors that influence job satisfaction and job retention among medical laboratory professionals in Ghana. An online self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the medical laboratory professionals from August 2022 to September 2022. Out of the 500 questionnaires administered by email and text message, 432 medical laboratory professionals successfully responded to the questionnaires. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were performed with Stata version 16.0. Statistical significance was considered at a P-value of less than 0.50. A total job dissatisfaction rate of 66.2% was recorded. This was made up of 18.5% very dissatisfied professionals and 47.7% dissatisfied professionals. Most respondents had an imbalanced work and personal life (52.8%). About 59.7% of the professionals had intentions of leaving their jobs. Lack of appreciation (42.8%), respect (36.4%), and recognition (18.5%), lack of safety at work (47.9%), bad relationships with managers (12.7%), poor annual appraisal (21.5%), poor salaries (89.8%), lack of professional autonomy (77.3%), lack of professional development opportunities (77.1%), and lack of staff accommodation (75.5%) resonated as factors of poor job satisfaction. Lack of appreciation (52.6%), poor working conditions (57.9%), and a lack of benefits (68.8%) contributed to their attrition tendencies. A broader stakeholder consultation is needed to improve job contentment and motivation among the medical laboratory fraternity in Ghana.

Attraction and Retention of Newly Qualified Medical Doctors to Deprived Regions in Ghana: A Qualitative Case Study

2023-11-09T21:13:48+00:00

Healthcare delivery is labour-intensive. Therefore, the health worker's role is indispensable in maintaining and improving individual and population health. In Ghana, the doctor-patient ratio is 1:10,450, with a disproportionate tilt in favour of the relatively resourcerich southern part of the country. The Upper West Region, located in Northern Ghana, is among the poorest regions in the country. The study uncovered why medical doctors are unwilling to accept postings to the Upper West Region, where their services are needed most, despite some efforts to attract, motivate and retain them. Current initiatives by the Ministry of Health and its partners to attract and retain doctors in the Region were also examined. Qualitative methodology was employed with an in-depth interview guide to collect data. Sixteen respondents comprising medical doctors, health managers and other healthrelated partners purposively selected took part in the study. Data were recorded, transcribed, coded, and categorized into themes in tandem with the objectives of the study. The study found that medical doctors are unwilling to take up appointments in the Upper West Region because of limited career and continuing professional development opportunities, poor financial inducement, weak leadership, and other important contextual social and cultural factors. Critical success factors to surmount these challenges include concessions and sponsorship for medical specialization training for doctors and clear, implementable national and local policies on postings.

Policy Design and Implementation Nexus in Africa: The Experience of National Health Insurance Scheme in Sawla-Tuna-Kalba District of Ghana

2023-11-09T21:19:13+00:00

The paper focuses on policy design and implementation linkage in Africa. It specifically examines the linkage between policy design (National Health Insurance Scheme-NHIS) and its implementation with some experiences of policy implementers and the beneficiaries in the SawlaTuna-Kalba District in Ghana. The theoretical argument is that. policy design factors may facilitate or impede implementation This study thereby seeks to find out what the situation is in a rural setting of an African state-Ghana. This is the reason for the choice of the qualitative comparative case analysis to solicit the views, opinions, and experiences of policy implementers and beneficiaries on the design and implementation process factors. The implementers are the public and private health providers, while the policy beneficiaries are NHIS subscribers. The implementers’ understanding of the policy goalsintent and delivering them to subscribers in terms of access to healthcare services in the rural district and the quality of the services (to address their health needs). Data were obtained through in-depth interviews, review of documents, and on-site direct observations. The findings showed that policy beneficiaries/subscribers have more access to healthcare facilities (healthcare services) due to the involvement of public and private health providers in the district. Also, the findings revealed an improved revenue for both public and private health providers/facilities due to the increased attendance of NHIS subscribers/beneficiaries. It found that the behaviour of health providers was a key determinant of subscribers’ choice of health facility. It, therefore, recommends that health providers should treat their clients with utmost care and kindness.

Competency-Based Training Implementation Constraints in Tanzania: Evidence of Trainers from Vocational Education and Training Centres, Morogoro Region

2023-11-09T21:24:50+00:00

The study where the article was originated examined on the constraints facing trainers’ in implementing competency-based and training (CBT) at vocational education and training (VET) based on human capital theory assumptions. CBT demand trainers to have pre-requisite competencies, industrial exposure, adequate training resources and continuous updating of their competencies for its effective implementation. Nevertheless, these demands are claimed to lack among trainers and led to CBT implementation challenges and have resulted to have the outcome of trainees who have acquired training certificates with inadequate competencies demanded for employability. A qualitative research design was used where semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from 22 trainers who were purposively selected out of 87 trainers from four selected vocational training institutions. Data were analysed through thematic and content analysis. The findings revealed that trainers were facing challenges in implementing CBT due to their knowledge-based training orientation, inadequate opportunities to industrial exposure and further competence updating. Therefore, it is suggested that there is a need for VETIs and trainers to increase opportunities for further training and industrial exposure to update trainers' competencies to meet CBT requirements. Also, industrial visits and collaboration in training are suggested to enhance trainers’ ability in implementing the CBT approach.

Does Financial Inclusion Impact Tax Revenue in Sub-Saharan African Countries? A Panel Data Analysis

2023-11-09T21:35:26+00:00

The issue of increasing domestic revenue mobilization remains problematic for many governments, especially in low-income countries. Leveraging systems theory and collaborative intervention theory of financial inclusion, this study examines how financial inclusion impacts tax revenues in selected sub-Saharan African countries (SSA) from 2011-2017 using data collected from subSaharan Africa. Based on the dynamic panel estimation results of the system GLS and random effect estimations, mobile money account, as well as financial inclusion, play a significant impact the tax revenue drive of SSA countries. The study concludes that financial inclusion contributes significantly to tax revenue in SSA counties. It is offered that the monetary authorities should drive towards enhancing the financial institutions to accommodate more inclusive services and as well put up strict adherence to the requirements and documentation in order to reduce perpetration of fraud and maintain sustainable tax revenue.

Reality of Post-MDRI: Fiscal Sustainability and Development Trajectory of the Nigerian Economy

2023-11-09T21:43:30+00:00

Nigeria is trapped in fiscal unsustainability crises over a few decades, due to excessive debt accumulation and inability to strategically utilise borrowed funds on the projects that could allow selfliquidation. Available data support the arguments that deficit financing in most cases is utilised on recurrent expenditures. Consequently, accumulation of debt increases debt service obligations, which further aggravate the amount expended on recurrent expenditure. Viciously, more borrowing is usually required to meet debt servicing obligations. Meanwhile, the fiscal problem aggravates the excessive dependence on revenues from crude oil with little attention to non-oil revenue mobilisation; in this case, the crude oil price volatility creates incessant shocks on the expenditure plans vis-à-vis revenues shortage whenever the oil price crashes. This paper however, reviews the development trajectory of the country within the framework of relevant data up to 2021. It is however, observed that in the past six years, there are evidences that the country is reversing the poor trends on some macroeconomic parameters. For instance, the federal government attention is currently being shifted from oil revenues dependency to non-oil revenues mobilisation, such that in 2021, the percentage of non-oil revenues to total revenues is more than those from oil revenues. The same is observed on the non-oil export promotion which is sharing higher proportions compared to what had been obtainable in the past few decades. This paper therefore showcases that consistency in revenue diversification to non-oil sources and also the invigoration of non-oil export promotion will provide strong foundation for Nigeria fiscal liberation in the near future.

Road Transportation Service and Passengers’ Satisfaction: A Study of Public Transport Passengers in Ogun and Oyo States, Nigeria

2023-11-09T21:49:35+00:00

The main objective of the study is to verify the effect of road transportation service on passengers’ satisfaction among public transport passengers in Ogun and Oyo States, Nigeria. Survey research design was used for the study. Data was collected through the use of questionnaire. Convenience sampling technique was used for the study. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the respondents’ biodata while multiple regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses formulated. Findings of the study affirmed that road transportation service (passengers’ comfort, passengers’ safety, and drivers’ reliability) had combined significant effect on passengers’ satisfaction in Ogun State (Adj. R2 = 0.29, F = 14.393, p<0.05). In addition, passengers’ comfort, passengers’ safety, and drivers’ reliability had combined significant effect on passengers’ satisfaction in Oyo State (Adj. R2 = 0.36, F = 28.293, p<0.05). The study concluded that passengers of public road transportation service in Ogun and Oyo States will be satisfied when public transport service providers make them comfortable while in transit, protect them from harm, injuries, and all kinds of risks associated with travelling, and enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of transport drivers.

SMEs’ Adoption of Computerized Accounting Systems in the Rural North of Ghana

2023-11-09T22:00:17+00:00

This study investigates the drivers of Computerized Accounting Information Systems (CAIS) adoption intentions among SMEs in the rural North of Ghana. A Cross-Sectional Survey using structured Questionnaires was employed in gathering data from 800 SME owners in the Savanah region of Ghana. Data analysis was conducted using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLSSEM) and the findings suggest that SME owner innovativeness has a significant direct and indirect influence on CAIS adoption. Other factors found to have a significant influence on CAIS adoption include government support, technology complexity, relative advantage, and SMEs' readiness to adopt new technology. Neither security concerns nor the cost of CAIS was found to influence CAIS adoption intentions.

Monetary and Non-Monetary Opportunities as Determinants of Turnover Intention Among Academic Staff in IBB University

2023-11-09T22:06:47+00:00

It is worrisome, the rate at which lecturers leave one university for another because of the monetary and non-monetary opportunities. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of monetary and nonmonetary opportunities on turnover intention among Academic Staff of IBB University Lapai (IBBUL), Niger State - Nigeria. Turnover intention is when employees or Academic Staff have intention to quit or leave an organization soonest. Survey research design was utilized and the population of study is 318 lectures of IBBUL. A questionnaire instrument was used to collect data which were inputted in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS)- version 23 to produce regression results. The results show that job opportunity, job freedom and job insecurity have positive and significant effect on turnover intention of the lecturers. The theoretical contribution of study suggested that higher educational institutions should provide conducive environment for lecturers to avoid high turnover intention. The practical implication shows that an increase in the explanatory variables will significantly increase turnover intention of the lecturers.

The Effects of Capacity Development on Organizational Performance: The Case of Municipal Assemblies in Ghana

2023-11-09T22:13:37+00:00

The need for organizations to pay attention to their essential resources has been a global concern for some time now. This is because the performance of any organization is fundamentally determined by the requisite capacities to improve its overall performance. Organizations are therefore making efforts to improve skill gaps across individuals, groups, organizations, sectors, and institutions by developing their capacities. To enable the Ghanaian Local government sector, through its agencies - Municipal and Metropolitan assemblies – discharge their mandates effectively, developing capacity has been a frequent feature in their functional strategy in order to promote local economic development and respond to numerous socio-economic challenges at the local level. This paper seeks to examine the relationship between elements of capacity development such as Management Capacity (MC), Technical Capacity (TC) and Management Innovation (MI) as determinants of organizational performance. The study used a survey questionnaire administered to 302 from 36 Municipal and Metropolitan Assemblies in Ghana to gather data needed. The results of this study, with the use of SEM-PLS, indicate that all the elements had positive and significant implications on organizational performance. Again, the study reveals a high predictive accuracy, providing a variance of 41.6 percent of changes in the dependent variable. The study recommends for investment in resources that contribute immensely to the organization’s outcomes. The study also calls for managers of municipal assemblies to commit themselves to ensuring availability of such important resources in order to sustain the organizational performance.