A systematic review of the human capabilities of play in African families

Abstract

Play in family contexts within the African continent is understudied, especially through Nussbaum's Capabilities Approach. Despite being a key human capability for a dignified life, there is a notable research gap in how Play enhances human and family capabilities. This systematic review aimed to explore and provide recommendations to strengthen the human capability of play within African families. Utilising the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines and 11 electronic databases, keywords related to play, family, risk factors and Africa were searched between May and June 2024. Studies were critically assessed using the validated Quality Assessment Checklist for Observation (QACO). Consequently, eight (8) studies which reported the nature of play while addressing barriers such as limited resources, safety concerns, socioeconomic constraints, and caregiver stress, met the inclusion criteria. Enablers were safe environments, parental involvement, community initiatives, and systemic support. Family dynamics were explored through structural, relational, and cultural lenses. Risks such as poverty, communication barriers, and overcrowding were contrasted with protective factors including shared responsibilities, supportive parenting, and community collaboration. Play within families indirectly contributes to human capabilities, thereby providing conditions for strengthening family bonds. Longitudinal research, tailored education, government investment, and play-based strategies are key to overcoming barriers and enhancing play. Prioritising these may foster playful bonds that enhance human capabilities.