Sustainable development of <i>Amomum villosum</i>: A systematic investigation on three different production modes

Abstract

Background: Amomum Villosum (A. Villosum), called Chunsharen in Chinese, is widely used in treating gastrointestinal disease. Its clinical benefits have been confirmed by both in vitro and in vivo studies. Facing the shortage of wild A. Villosum, artificial cultivating and natural fostering have been practiced in recent years. Therefore, it would be wondered whether the three different types of A. Villosum are comparable or not, particularly the herbal qualities, technological challenges, ecological impacts and economic benefits.
Material and methods: In this study, we combined quality research by using GC-MS, and field investigation to provide a systematic assessment about the three types of A. Villosum from these four aspects.
Results: It found that the wild type had low output and was in an endangered situation. The artificial cultivation had larger agriculturing area with higher  productivity, but faced the ecological challenges. Lastly, the natural fostering type generated the highest economic benefit and relatively low ecological impact. In addition, the natural fostering type had relatively better quality than the other types.
Conclusion: Therefore, it suggests that natural fostering can be applied for long-term sustainable development of A. Villosum.

Key words: production mode; Amomum Villosum; natural fostering; artificial cultivating; quality evaluation