Albahit Journal of Applied Sciences

Information Technology Adoption in Digital Marketing: A Field Study of Libyan Organizations Using the UTAUT2 Model and Structural Equation Modeling

Abeer Farag Alnayer — 2026-08-28

This study aimed to identify the factors influencing the adoption of information technology in digital marketing within Libyan organizations, based on the extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) developed by Venkatesh et al. (2012). The study employed a quantitative descriptive–analytical approach and collected primary data from 384 managers and marketing officers working in small, medium-sized, and large organizations in Tripoli, Benghazi, Misrata, and Sirte. Data were gathered through a 32-item questionnaire measured on a five-point Likert scale. The proposed model was tested using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) through SmartPLS 4. The findings supported all ten hypotheses. Performance expectancy (β = 0.31), habit (β = 0.27), social influence (β = 0.22), and effort expectancy (β = 0.18) were found to be the strongest predictors of behavioral intention. The model explained 78.7% of the variance in behavioral intention and 74.1% of the variance in actual use behavior. These values were higher than those reported in comparable studies conducted in Jordan (60.4%) and Lebanon (66.7%). This study represents the first detailed application of the UTAUT2 model in the Libyan marketing sector. It recommends integrating the resulting linear equations into the planning of training programs for marketing personnel and into the governance of digital transformation in Libya’s private sector.

A Comprehensive Scientific Study on Hydraulic Conductivity in Sandy, Clayey, and Silty Soils With Reference to the USDA Soil Taxonomy Classification (2026)

Asmaa Younis Badr — 2026-08-28

Hydraulic conductivity is one of the most important hydrophysical properties in soil science, as it determines the rate and volume of water flow through soil pores. This property is strongly influenced by soil particle-size composition (texture), internal structure, organic matter content, and degree of water saturation. Hydraulic conductivity values vary widely among different soil types: sandy soils record the highest values due to their large pore size, whereas clayey soils record the lowest values due to their fine particles and compaction. Silty soils occupy an intermediate position between the two. This study examines saturated and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity in sandy, clayey, and silty soils, reviews the American classification of these soils according to the USDA Soil Taxonomy system at the suborder level, reviews previous studies conducted on related soil properties in Libya, analyzes results derived from recent scientific studies, and concludes with practical recommendations of benefit to the agricultural, hydrological, and environmental sectors.

Optimal Design of Double Tuned Filter Using LAGRANGE interpolation method to Attenuate THD in Power System

Mohamed.M. Almelian — 2026-08-28

Nonlinear loads, including power electronic converters and arc furnaces, are now widely deployed across both industrial and residential settings. As the penetration of such loads increases, the harmonic currents injected back into the supply also grow, raising the total harmonic distortion (THD) and causing a range of faults in electrical equipment. Among the available mitigation techniques for current
harmonics is the double-tuned passive filter. This type of filter reduces reactive power by utilizing passive elements to supply local reactive power compensation at the fundamental frequency. This work presents an optimal design of a double-tuned filter using the Lagrange interpolation method to suppress harmonics within a power system. Lagrange interpolation is employed to obtain the filter’s optimal parameters. Simulation carried out in MATLAB SIMULINK confirms that the resulting design fulfill to recognized limits such as those of IEEE 519.

Caputo Derivative-Based FTC Design and Sensor Fault Estimation for Lipschitz Fractional Nonlinear Systems

Ali Omar M. Alsharif — 2026-08-28

Sensor fault estimation and active fault-tolerant control (FTC) are still important problems for guaranteeing the fractional-order nonlinear systems' (FONS) stability under sensor faults. To deal with this problem, this work uses the Caputo fractional derivative framework to construct a unified strategy for simultaneous sensor fault estimation and active (FTC). Sufficient conditions obtained are in the form of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) from a stability study based on Lyapunov theory. The proposed approach is applied to a two-state system with a biased sensor fault to demonstrate its performance. The simulation results indicate that the adaptive observer can accurately estimate the fault magnitude and has robust tracking ability with large initial estimation errors. Moreover, the fault tolerant controller is capable of stabilizing the system successfully with zero steady state error and without any overshoot.