Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, North‑West Nigeria: Hospital‑Based Epidemiological Study

Abstract

Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) remains a common problem worldwide and the role of douching as a predisposing factor is unclear.

Aim: This study was undertaken to highlight the prevalence and predisposing factors of VVC in North‑west Nigeria.

Subjects and Methods: This was a prospective study done at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH), North‑west. AKTH is a 500‑bed tertiary hospital located in Kano, the most populous state in Nigeria. Ethical clearance was obtained. Three hundred patients with VVC were recruited from the gynaecologic and general outpatients’ clinics of AKTH. Research structured questionnaires were used to obtain sociodemographic and clinical information. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0 statistical software (SPSS Inc., Chicago IL, USA). Frequency, mean and simple percentages were used to analyze data.

Result: Candida albicans was the most frequent cause of the positive high vaginal swabs constituting 84.5% (316/374) while Proteus vulgaris was the least frequent cause constituting 0.53% (2/374). Fifty‑three percent (143/270) of those with VVC were aged 26–35 years; the married were 80% (216/270) and those who were unmarried were 20% (54/270). Douching was the commonest predisposing factor occurring in 42.5% (115/270) of cases.

Conclusion: VVC was the most prevalent cause of vaginosis in North‑west Nigeria, and douching was the commonest predisposing factor.

Keywords: Epidemiology, Hospital, Nigeria, North‑west, Vulvovaginal candidiasis