Relationship between serum Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and cardiovascular risk factors in diabetic patients in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is associated with hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress. Oxidative damage, indicated by elevated levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA), plays a vital role in development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in diabetic patients. Serum Malondialdehyde (MDA) has been used as a biomarker of lipid peroxidation and has served as an indicator of free radical damage.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate serum Malondialdehydelevels and investigate its relationship to Cardiovascular risk factors in diabetic patients in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.

Methods: We assessed serum Malondialdehyde levels and lipid profile in 139 men and women with type 2 diabetes in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH), Zaria, Nigeria, a cross-sectional study. The subjects consisted of 36 males (26 %) of mean aged 53±0.1 SD and 103 females (74 %) of mean aged 52±0,2SEM. Diabetes mellitus status was confirmed biochemically according to World Health Organization diagnostic criteria for classification of diabetes mellitus. Concentrations of serum MDA was measured using the method of Draper and Hardley. Data for selected clinical/demographic variables were obtained from fasting blood samples and an interviewer-assisted questionnaire.

Results: The mean serum MDA and TG concentration were higher in diabetic individuals than in control subjects (2.1±0.1vs 0.7±0.0 (p=0.01)); (1.5±0.1vs1.1±0.0 (p=0.01)) respectively. There is no statically significant difference in the mean values of serum TC, HDL, LDL, and TC:HDL in diabetic patients and controls (p>0.05). There were no correlations between serum MDA and lipids (TC, TG, HDL, LDL,TC:HDL), FBG, HBA1c,BMI, BP and Duration of Diabetes in diabetic patients (p>0.05)

Conclusion: There are increases in free radical activity and lipid peroxidation in individuals with type 2 diabetic mellitus. In addition, MDA associate independently with cardiovascular disease.