La Sinapia o de la esterilidad política de la utopía en la España moderna
Abstract
Desde finales del siglo XVII, los partidarios de “modernizar” España, primero los novatores y más adelante sus continuadores, los ilustrados, despliegan sus intereses intelectuales y propuestas de reforma en diversos ámbitos. Esta minoría intelectual, consciente de los límites políticos, religiosos y sociales de sus aspiraciones, suele evitar exponer sus reflexiones sobre los pilares institucionales e ideológicos fundamentales del país, trono y altar. Sin embargo, cuando Napoleón trata de imponer por la fuerza su vía de “superación” del Antiguo Régimen, muchos representantes de esa minoría se baten y debaten para ofrecer formulaciones concretas para la construcción del Estado moderno, cuya onda expansiva se propagará fuera de la propia España: ¿del reformismo cauto y moderado a la experimentación política liberal sin solución de continuidad? ¿Existe algún precedente en la literatura utópica que contribuya a explicar semejante transformación?
English title: Sinapia: the Political Uselessness of Utopia in Modern Spain
From the late 17th century on, a minority of Spanish intellectuals display their concerns and proposals of reform in order to “modernize” their country. They would be known as novatores (innovators), then as representatives of a local Enlightenment. Aware of the political, religious and social limits of their aspirations, this intellectual minority tends to avoid expressing their reflections on the fundamental institutional and ideological pillars of the country, throne and altar. However, when Napoleon tries to impose by force his way of "overcoming" the Ancien Régime, many representatives of that minority fight and debate to offer concrete formulations for the construction of the modern State, whose shock wave will spread outside Spain itself. How to explain such an abrupt transition from a cautious and moderate reformism to a liberal political experimentation, with notions and achievements able to spread outside Spain? Is there any precedent in utopian literature that helps explain such a transformation?
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