Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of locally formulated organic soaps on Staphylococcus aureus isolated from infected wound

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is a common pathogen associated with skin and soft tissue infections. Handwashing with soap remains one of the most effective measures for preventing its transmission. The study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of locally produced organic soaps on Staphylococcus aureus. A total of fifteen (15) brands of organic soap were purchased from local vendors and prepared into three different concentrations: 5%, 10%, and 15% soap solutions. Each concentration from every brand was evaluated for antimicrobial activity against a wound isolate of Staphylococcus aureus using the agar well diffusion (Kirby Bauer) technique, following standard procedures. Results indicated that at 5% concentration, antimicrobial activity was limited, with only sample N (5.67 ± 4.13 mm) and sample L (5.00 ± 0.66 mm) showing inhibitory effects. At 10% concentration, sample B exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity (19.67 ± 2.89 mm), followed by sample J (12.67 ± 4.62 mm). At 15%, sample J recorded the highest inhibition zone (14.67 ± 4.04 mm), closely followed by sample B (14.00 ± 5.29 mm). In conclusion, the antimicrobial activity of the organic soap against S. aureus was concentration dependent and varied across brands. However, some formulations demonstrated significant inhibitory effects, while others lacked measurable activity. It is therefore recommended that further studies be carried out to identify the active components responsible for the antimicrobial activity and to assess their effectiveness against a broader range of pathogens.