Evaluating knowledge, attitudes, and practices of malaria prevention among pregnant women in rural communities of Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria

Abstract

Malaria remains a leading public health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa, with pregnant women being particularly vulnerable due to pregnancy-related physiological changes. In Nigeria, an estimated 70% of pregnant women are at risk of malaria infection annually, which contributes to adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Understanding the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of pregnant women toward malaria prevention is critical for developing targeted interventions in high-burden areas. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of malaria prevention among pregnant women in rural communities of Osogbo Local Government Area, Osun State, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 157 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in rural Osogbo. Participants were selected using convenience and purposive sampling. Data were collected using a structured, pretested questionnaire comprising four sections: socio-demographic data, knowledge, attitudes, and practices of malaria prevention. Reliability testing yielded Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.79, 0.81, and 0.76 for knowledge, attitudes, and practices respectively. Data were analysed using SPSS version 28 with descriptive statistics and Pearson Product Moment Correlation, with significance set at p < 0.05. The majority of participants were aged 31–40 years (49.0%), married (54.8%), and Christians (63.1%). Most had completed secondary education (34.4%) and were in their third trimester (47.8%). Knowledge of malaria prevention was high, with 88.5% demonstrating good knowledge. Positive attitudes were reported by 61.8% of respondents, while 70.1% reported sleeping under insecticide-treated nets nightly, and 63.7% regularly used preventive medications. Correlation analysis revealed no significant relationship between knowledge and malaria prevention practices (r = 0.098, p = 0.512). Although pregnant women in rural Osogbo demonstrated good knowledge and positive attitudes toward malaria prevention, gaps remain in consistent practice. Strengthening antenatal education, addressing misconceptions, and expanding access to preventive measures are essential to reduce malaria in pregnancy.