Prevalence of cryptosporidium oocysts in cattle slaughtered at Wurukum abattoir, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria.

Abstract

Cryptosporidium is an important protozoan parasite of zoonotic importance responsible for enteric infections in livestock and humans. Despite its zoonotic significance, information on its occurrence in cattle slaughtered in Makurdi, Benue State, remains limited. This study determined the prevalence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in cattle slaughtered at the Wurukum Abattoir and assessed the influence of sex, age, and breed on infection. A total of 277 fecal samples were examined using the modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique. Of the 277 cattle examined, 75 tested positive, giving an overall prevalence of 27.1%. Prevalence was higher in females (28.8%) than males (16.2%), and highest among cattle aged 1–2 years (30.6%). Among breeds, White Fulani recorded the highest prevalence (28.2%). However, no significant association was found between infection and sex (χ² = 1.96; p = 0.162), age (χ² = 3.58; p = 0.167), or breed (χ² = 2.93; p = 0.403). Females had twice the odds of infection compared to males (OR = 2.08), but this relationship was not significant. Cryptosporidium infection was prevalent among cattle slaughtered at Wurukum Abattoir, indicating potential public health risks due to environmental contamination and possible zoonotic transmission. Improved abattoir hygiene, routine surveillance, and further molecular studies are recommended to better characterize parasite strains and transmission dynamics in the area.