Epidemiology of hookworm infection in school-aged children from a resource-constrained community in North Central Nigeria

Abstract

Effective control of hookworm infection (Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale) lies on routine epidemiological data essential for monitoring efforts. Hookworm infection is a prevalent parasitic disease among school-aged children in developing nations. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of hookworm infection and identify associated risk factors amongst school-aged children in Okutala, Moro Local Government Area, Kwara State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to July 2024. Participants were selected using systematic random sampling, and stool specimens were analyzed utilizing the Kato-Katz technique. Data regarding risk factors contributing to the spread of hookworm were collected through a validated questionnaire. Of the 391 school children (183 males and 208 females) who participated, 77 (19.7%) were found to be infected. The highest infection rate was observed in children aged 6-8 years, with 34 cases (26.6%). Although a higher prevalence was noted among females (20.2%) compared to males (19.1%), this difference was not statistically significant (P >0.05). Children with illiterate parents exhibited a higher infection rate (36.1%), with those whose parents were farmers being the most affected. Males exhibited a higher infection intensity than females. Risk factors such as the source of drinking water, type of toilet facility, and the habit of consuming unwashed fruits and vegetables were identified as contributing to hookworm transmission. The study underscores the importance of promoting both environmental and personal hygiene practices among school children.