Ethiopian Journal of Animal Production
Journal / Ethiopian Journal of Animal Production / Submissions

General

The Ethiopian Journal of Animal Production (EJAP) publishes original articles of high scientific standard dealing with livestock and livestock related issues. Reviews on selected topics on livestock research and development appropriate to Ethiopia and other similar countries in the tropics and subtropics will also be considered for publication. Short communication and technical notes are also welcome.

Manuscripts should be written in English. Authors are advised to strictly stick to the format of the journal. Submit an electronic form of the manuscript in Word format using Times New Roman font. Use 13 point font size for titles and 11 point font size for the text with line spacing of 1.15. Manuscripts submitted to the Editorial Office will be duly acknowledged. All articles will be sent to at least two reviewers (within or outside the country) selected by the Editorial Board and will be reviewed for relevance to the journal, scientific value and technicality. Rejected papers will be returned to the author(s) immediately. Accepted papers will be returned to the author with the comments of the reviewer(s) for further improvement of the manuscript. EJAP has no page charge.

Proofs will be sent to the author. Typeset proofs are not checked for errors. Thus, it is the responsibility of the primary author of each paper to review page proofs carefully for accuracy of citations, formulae, etc. and to check for omissions in the text. It is imperative that the authors do a prompt, thorough job of reviewing the returned proofs to ensure timely publication. Authors are instructed to return the proofs to the Editorial Office within three (three) days of receipt. Senior or corresponding authors will be provided with electronic copy of the published article to be shared with the co-authors. 

Format for Manuscripts

Research paper should be as concise as possible and should not exceed 6000 words or about 10 to 12 pages including illustrations and tables. Papers should be partitioned into sections including abstract, introduction, materials and methods, results, discussion, acknowledgements and references. Main text headings should be centered and typed in capitals. Sub-headings are typed in capitals and small letters starting from left hand margin.

Headings: Title of the paper should be in upper and lower case. Main headings should be in upper and lower case, left justified.

Sub-headings: First sub-headings, flush left, separate line, capitalize main words; second sub-headings- flush left, same line as text, capitalize first word, followed by period; third sub-heading – flush left, same line as text, capitalize first word, italics followed by a dash.

Title: The title should be concise, specific and descriptive enough to contain key words or phrases including the contents of the article. A short running title of less than 50 characters should also be suggested.

Author and institution: The name(s) of author(s) and the institution(s) with which they are affiliated, along with the addresses, should be provided. Corresponding author should be identified in case of more than one author.

Abstract: Research or applied articles should have an abstract of no more than 300 words. The abstract should state concisely the goals, methods, principal results and major conclusions of the paper. Incomplete and uninformative descriptions should not be used. The use of acronyms is discouraged. Keywords of up to five words should be included.

Introduction: This part should be brief and limited to the statement of the problem or the aim of the experiment, justification and a review of the literature pertinent to the problem.

Materials and methods: The techniques and procedures of the research, the conditions under which the study was conducted and the experimental design are described under this heading. Relevant details about the animal should be given and the statistical design should be described briefly and clearly. Data should be analyzed and summarized by appropriate statistical methods; authors should examine closely their use of multiple comparison procedures. A measure of variability, e.g., standard deviation or standard error must be provided when reporting quantitative data. If standard methods of investigation and analysis are employed appropriate citation suffice.

Results: The summary of major findings and assessments of the investigation are given in this section. The results can be presented using tables, illustrations and diagrams.

Tables: Tables are numbered consecutively in Arabic numerals (e.g., Table 1) and should bear a short, yet adequately descriptive caption. Avoid using vertical and/or horizontal grid lines to separate columns and/or rows. Metric units are clearly to be shown, abbreviated in accordance with international procedure. Footnotes to tables are designated by lower case which appears as superscripts in appropriate entries. Tables should be compatible with column width viz. 140 mm, and should be presented on separate sheets, and grouped together at the end of the manuscript. Their appropriate position in the text should be indicated and all tables should be referenced to in the text.

Illustrations and diagrams: These should be inserted into the text using any suitable graphics programmes. Freehand or typewritten lettering and lines are not acceptable. Authors are requested to pay attention to the proportions of the illustrations so that they can be accommodated in the paper without wastage of space.

Figures: Figures should be restricted to the display of results where a large number of values are presented and interpretation would be more difficult in a Table. Figures may not reproduce the same data as Tables. Originals of figures should preferably be A4 size, of good quality, drawn or produced on good quality printer and saved in a separate file. There should be no numbering or lettering on the originals. Numbering and lettering, which must be kept to an absolute minimum, should be legibly inserted on the copies. Vertical axes should be labelled vertically. A full legend, describing the figure and giving a key to all the symbols on it, should be typed on a separate sheet. The symbols preferred are: ▲,■ ○ ∎, but + and x signs should be avoided. Figures should be numbered consecutively in Arabic numerals (e.g., Figure 1), and refer to all figures in the text.

Photographs: Should be original prints and suitable for reproduction. They should be unmounted with lettering clearly indicated on overlays or photocopies. For composites, photographs should be unmounted and a photocopy enclosed to indicate the required measurement. Magnification should be given in the legend or indicated by a scale or bar. They should be numbered as part of the sequence of Figures. If several plates or colored photographs are submitted, the authors may be asked to the cost of reproducing them.

Discussion: The reliability of evidence (result), comparison with already recorded observations and the possible practical implication is discussed.

Conclusion: Authors are encouraged to forward conclusion (two to three brief statements) from the study summarizing the main findings and indicating the practical implications of the findings.

Acknowledgements: Should be briefly stated following the conclusion.

References: Cite references by name and date. The abbreviation et al should be used in the text where more than two authors are quoted. Personal communications and unpublished work

should be cited in the text only, giving the initials, name and date. They should not appear in the list of references. All references should be listed alphabetically. References should be selected based on their relevance and the numbers should be kept to a minimum. Journal names should be abbreviated according to the World list of Scientific Periodicals.

Examples

Journal article:

Zerbini, E., Gemeda, D., Tegegne, A., Gebrewold, A. and Franceschini, R. 1993. The effects of work and nutritional supplementation on postpartum reproductive activities and progesterone secretion in F1 crossbred dairy cows in Ethiopia. Theriogenology 40(3):571-584.

Crosse, S., Umunna, N.N., Osuji, P.O., Tegegne, A., Khalili, H. and Tedla, A.. 1998. Comparative yield and nutritive value of forages from two cereal-legume based cropping systems: 2. Milk production and reproductive performance of crossbred (Bos taurus x Bos indicus) cows. Tropical Agriculture 75 (4):415-421.

Article by DOI 

Negewo, T., Melaku, S., Asmare, B. and Tolera, T. 2018.  Performance of Arsi-Bale sheep fed urea treated maize cob as basal dietand supplemented with graded levels of concentrate mixture. Tropical Animal Health and Production. 50: 1209-1217. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-018-1544-4

Book

Steel, R.G.D. and Torrie, J.H. 1960. Principles and Procedures of Statistics. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York.

Chapter in a Book

Zerbini, E., Gemeda, T., Gebre Wold, A. and Tegegne, A. 1995. Effect of draught work on the metabolism and reproduction of dairy cows. In: Philips, C.J.C. (ed.), Progress in Dairy Science. Chapter 8. CAB International. pp. 145-168.

Paper in Proceedings

Gebre Wold, A., Alemayhu, M., Tegegne, A., Zerbini,E. and Larsen, C. 1998. On-farm performance of crossbred cows used as dairy-draught in Holetta area. Proceedings of the 6th National Conference of the Ethiopian Society of Animal Production (ESAP), May 14-15, 1998, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, pp. 232-240.

Thesis/Dissertation 

Trent, J.W. 1975. Experimental acute renal failure. Dissertation, University of California

Online document 

Tekle, D., Gebru, G. and Redae, M. 2018. Growth performance of Abergelle goats fed grass hay supplemented with pigeon pea (Cajanus cajun (L.) Millsp) leaves. Livestock Research for Rural Development. Volume 30, Article #149. Retrieved August 2, 2018, from http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd30/8/desta30149.html 

Cartwright, J. 2007. Big stars have weather too. IOP Publishing PhysicsWeb. http://physicsweb.org/articles/news/11/6/16/1. Accessed 26 June 2007

Abbreviations

Follow standard procedures.

Units

All measurements should be reported in SI units. (e.g., g, kg, m, cm)

Table 1. The following are examples of SI units for use in EJAP

Quantity	Application	Unit	Symbol or expression of unit
Absorption	Balance trials	Grams per day	g d-1
Activity	Enzyme	Micromoles per minute per gram	μmol min-1 g-1
Area	Land Carcass	Hectare Square centimetre	ha cm2
Backfat	Carcass	Millimetres	mm
Concentration	Diet Blood	Percent Gram per kilogram International unites per kilogram Milligram per 100 mL Milliequivalents per litre	% g kg-1 IU kg-1 mg dL-1 Mequiv L-1
Density	Feeds	Kilogram per hectolitre	kg hL-1
Flow	Digesta Blood	Grams per day Milligrams per minute	g d-1 mg min-1
Growth rate	Animal	Kilogram per day Grams per day	kg d-1 g d-1
Intake	Animal	Kilograms per day Grams per day Grams per day per kg bodyweight0.75	Kg d-1 g d-1 g d-1 kg-0.75
Metabolic rate	Animal	Megajoules per day Watts per kg bodyweight	MJ d-1 W kg-1
Pressure	Atmosphere	Kilopascal	KPa
Temperature	Animal	Kelvin or degree Celsius	K or oC
Volume	Solutions	Litre Millilitre	L ML
Yield	Milk production	Litres per day	L d-1
Radioactivity	Metabolism	Curie or Becquerel	Ci (=37 GBq)

Units with two divisors should be written with negative indices (e.g., kg ha-1 yr-1). The use of solidus (/) should be reserved for units written in full (e.g., mole/kilogram) or to separate a physical quantity and unit (e.g., yield/ha). Units should be chosen so that the numeric component falls between 1 and 10 or 1 and 100 when using one or two significant figures, respectively (e.g., use 31.2 mg than 0.0312 g).