Pattern, outcome, and associated factors of renal disease among hospitalized children at public hospitals in Bahir Dar Town, North-Western Ethiopia

Abstract

Background: Renal diseases are major causes of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized pediatric patients. Data on the spectrum of renal disorders and their outcomes are scarce in Ethiopia, in the Amhara region particularly. Hence, this study aimed to assess the pattern, outcome, and associated factors of renal disease among hospitalized pediatric renal patients in the Amhara region, North-west Ethiopia, 2020.

Methods: Institution-based review of medical records of renal disease subjects was conducted from September 1-15, 2020. All (107) pediatric patients who were diagnosed and hospitalized with renal disease from January 1/2019 to August 30/2020 were studied. A checklist was used to review medical records. Analysis was done using the SPSS version 23. Descriptive and summary statistics were carried out. Chi-squared test was used to assess the association between dependent and independent variables.

Result: Glomerulonephritis was the common cause of renal admissions (59.8%) and 40% of them had renal failure. Multi-organ failure and sepsis were causes of death for 12.1% of patients. Acute kidney injury (X2=4.484, p <0.05), chronic kidney disease (X2=6.617, p< 0.05), multi-organ failure (X2=48.57, p< 0.05), Sepsis (X2=45.29, p< 0.05), hospital stay >2 weeks (X2=23.2, p<0.05), electrolyte abnormalities (X2=17.87, p<0.05), and seizure (X2=45.15, p<0.05) had statistical as-sociations with poor outcome of renal disease.

Conclusion: Glomerulonephritis was the common cause of renal admissions. Sepsis and multi-organ failure were common causes of death. The complications, hospital stay >2 weeks, electrolyte abnormality, and seizure had an association with the outcome of renal disease. Hence, this study suggests that early diagnosis and management of renal failures and complications, and shortening hospital stay enhance the outcome of renal disease.