Prevalence and resistance profile of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> isolated from urinary tract infections in N'Djamena, Tchad

Abstract

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a worldwide problem. In Chad, statistical data are scarce. The reason why this study was undertaken from June 2014 to December 2016, to identify the main Enterobacteriaceae responsible for urinary tract infections and their susceptibility to antibiotics. Germs were isolated and identified by standard microbiology methods and tested with antibiotics according to Kirby-Bauer technique. Data collected was analyzed using Excel and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version18.0. Out of the 503 urine samples analyzed, 93 Enterobacteriaceae were isolated (18.5%) of which 60 (64.5%) were Escherichia coli, 23 (24.73%) Klebsiella pneumoniae and 10 (10.75%) were other Enterobacteriaceae. Bacterial resistances to the following were observed: amoxicilline (96.66% - 100%), cefoxitine (13.33% - 30.4%), cefotaxime (33.3% - 56.52%), gentamycine (28.33% - 39.13%), and nalidixic acid (31.66% - 43.47%), trimethoprim - sulfamethoxazole (65% - 95.65%) and fosfomycine (8.33% - 13.04%). The present study identified two bacteria associated with urinary tract infections and their resistances to antibiotics commonly used in Chad. It is important to rationalize the use of antibiotics that have good antibacterial activity. Diversified studies in human and veterinary medicine are needed to better control the emergence of new resistance in N’Djamena.

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Keywords: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, urinary tract infection, resistance to antibiotics, N’Djamena