Antimicrobial, antioxidant, anthelmintic and anti-inflammatory bioactivities of <i>Sabicea calycina</i>

Abstract

Sabicea calycina is broadly used for the treatment of different diseases including sexually transmitted infection, gastrointestinal disorders, wound treatment, and wound dressing. This study is focused on assessing the biological activity (anthelmintic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory) studies of methanol and hexane leaf crude extracts of S. calycina on its ethno medicinal uses. Phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of six phytoconstituents in the methanolic extract and by demonstrating four in the hexane extract. In vitro, the anthelmintic activity of the crude extracts was examined against Milsonia ghanensis (Earthworms) using albendazole as the standard drug. The anthelmintic activity of methanol and hexane extracts at test concentrations was observed to be significantly higher compared to albendazole. The methanolic extract was comparatively the more potent antioxidant as ascertained by its relatively higher antioxidant capacity TAC and its disproportionately lower for the DPPH and H₂O₂. Regularly for each of the group of four bacterial and one fungal pathogenic microbial cell lines, the methanolic extract showed higher antimicrobial activity values, MICs that were quantitatively lower than that of the hexane extract. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of methanol and hexane extracts was assessed against diclofenac as a reference drug, utilizing the carrageenan-induced chick foot edema method using 7-day old chicks. This method indicated the methanol extract showing a dose- dependent decreasing in foot edema and the hexane extract lack of showing measurable anti-inflammatory activity. The results show that the extracts could be employed as a remedial contender for the treatment of helminthic, oxidation, microbial and inflammatory diseases.