International Journal of Development and Management Review

Voters’ disposition and the outcome of 2023 general elections in Nigeria

Christian Tsaro Dii — Tue, 17 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The paper sought to discuss the disposition of the voters as it affected the outcome of the 2023 presidential election in Nigeria. The objective was to interrogate the disposition of the voters and its impact on the presidential election. It adopted the qualitative secondary research approach as its research methodology and also relied on grounded theory strategy of inquiry. The paper utilized the rational choice theory (RCT) as its theoretical framework. It found out that the voters were highly mobilized to participate in the electoral process through effective voter education, promise to deploy technology which included INEC voter enrolment device (IVED); Bimodal Voter Accreditation System (BVAS) for both voter accreditation and e-transmission of results for collation; and the INEC results viewing (IReV) portal that will offer the public access to view polling units results real-time. Although, the voters’ disposition significantly influenced the outcome of the presidential election, INEC failed to deliver on their promises and changed the rules in the middle of the exercise. It was recommended that the 2022 Amended Electoral Act be reviewed to ensure absolute use of technology to conduct and declare election results as well as embrace the use of e-voting technology utilizing e-ballot papers to allow voting from any location if duly registered, and permit diaspora voting in the democratic system in Nigeria.

The role of traditional institutions in conflict resolution among Okija people

Osayekemwen Ojo-Ebenezer — Tue, 17 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Similar to the concept of culture, resolving disagreements is also a way of life. Prior to colonial rule and the establishment of a regular court system in Nigeria, Okija had a method of dispute settlement that was deemed simple, inexpensive, and amicable. Therefore, the specific objective of the study was to identify traditional institutions for conflict resolution in the Okija peace processes among Okija people in Ihiala local government area of Anambra state. Purposive sampling method was adopted to select four community leaders or chiefs from each of the four communities that covered the study location, making a total sample size of 16 for the study. The selection of the leaders was based on their expertise in Okija's traditional dispute resolution procedures and institutions. A qualitative technique, the in-depth interview, was used in the study to garner the primary data. The study found that the traditional institutions for conflict resolution included the Ezi (the family), Okpara (elders), Umunna (men who are born into the clan), Umuada (women who were born into a clan), or NdiInyom (married women), Amala (the council of elders), Traditional Religious Approach (OgwugwuAkpu, OgwugwuMiri, Urashi, Akpunama, Osuajana), Secret societies, or the Masquerades. This study recommended the greater inclusion of these traditional institutions in conflict resolution among people instead, as they are closer to people at the grassroots than the formal institutions for conflict resolution in the contemporary period.

Drone journalism and professional media ethics imperative discourse

Beryl Ehondor — Tue, 17 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The emergence of drones in journalism has raised questions concerning use and implications, all against the backdrop of local and global professional media interpretation of ethics. Drone_journalism is fraught with dialectics around privacy, intrusion and professional ethics; due to drones' pervasiveness in newsgathering and ethical challenges for stakeholders. This study relies on PRISMA_framework and discourse_analysis to propose a new concept for the redefinition of media ethics for integration into drone journalism. This paper thus presents the relevance of rethinking media interpretation of ethics through a transformed understanding of privacy in the face of drone technology; in the interest of the human person's sanctity. Include at least one finding of the paper, then what the paper concludes.

Employee qualifications and competencies versus deployment: Existing gaps in the context of Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology (MMUST), Kenya

Tue, 17 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Staff competency is a key factor in ensuring an organization performs and delivers on her mandates. Both professional and academic are important indicators of competency and it evolves over time in line with presenting scenarios. A mismatch between staff competencies and deployment creates apathy towards work which greatly compromises performance. At Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology for instance, in the first half of the financial year 2021/2022, about 3% of employees left the service in search for greener pastures elsewhere. This was largely due to job dissatisfaction arising from improper deployment among other reasons. This study was conducted to establish the relationship between staff qualifications and competencies vis-à-vis deployment and the extent to which this relationship affected staff performance. A Mixed Methods Research Design, allowing a blend of both quantitative and qualitative paradigms was employed. A cross-sectional design was adopted as the study targeted a cross-section of staff across all cadres. Results show that while a majority of staff are qualified for the various assignments they are assigned to perform, a small proportion do not have the requisite skills. This could be explained by the fact that the University has not fully operationalized her HR manual and therefore the machinery for measuring staff performance is weak and needs improvement. Further, it is also evident that apart from academic qualifications, professional training is equally vital. There is therefore need for continuous professional training which should equip staff with the most current skills needed for effective delivery of services.

Effects of proximity dimensions on inter-firm cooperation among MSMEs in some selected leather industrial clusters in Nigeria

Victor O. Asekunowo, Taiwo A. Ayedun, O.C. Iriobe — Tue, 17 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of proximity on inter-firm cooperation in some selected leather industrial clusters in Abia, Lagos and Kano states in Nigeria. MSMEs in these states' leather manufacturing clusters were specifically chosen for the study using a two-stage sampling approach. In the cities of Lagos, Aba, and Kano, 412 MSMEs' owners and managers were chosen using the snowballing sampling technique approach. The study's sample size was this. These owners and managers completed a questionnaire to provide information on the MSMEs. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data collected. The regression results showed that all the proximity dimension variables had significant and positive relationships with marketing cooperation. Also, institutional proximity (INP) and organisational proximity (ORG) had significant and positive relationships with R&D cooperation and only social proximity (SOP) had a positive and significant relationship with innovation cooperation. However, the X² test of significance showed that the pooled proximity dimensions and cooperation variables had the following significant and positive relationships with the cooperation variables: marketing cooperation [X² (16,412) = 332.412, p = .000], R & D cooperation [X² (8, 412) = 26.909, p = .001] and innovation cooperation [X² (12, 412) = 41.342, p =.000]. Owing to these relationships, 9 gains out of 13 potential gains accrued to the MSMEs which may aid in the industrial growth and development of the country. These gains are: rapid innovation, new business formation, business growth, access to new markets and greater efficiency. The study concluded that due to their proximal locations, MSMEs in the selected Nigerian leather industrial clusters cooperated with one another and due to this, were able to appropriate some industrial growth and development-promoting gains to themselves. However, there were some other potential gains such as mutual learning, mutual stimulation of innovativeness, cost reduction and group purchasing that were not appropriated. The study therefore recommends that Nigerian governments, at all tiers, should formulate policies that encourage cluster formation and cooperation among the proximally located MSMEs to enable them appropriate all the potential gains derivable from cooperation.

Regression analysis of the effect of public debt on the economic growth of Nigeria.

Onyekachi Richard Eze, Festus O. Ogiji, Solomon Igwe, Nkechi Gift Eze — Tue, 17 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This study focused on the effect of public debt on the economic growth of Nigeria from 2004-2021. The specific objective of the study was to ascertain the regression analysis of the effect of public debt on economic growth in Nigeria and other objectives are to: investigate the impact of external debt on the economic growth of Nigeria, determine the impact of foreign exchange rate on the economic growth of Nigeria and examine the impact of interest rate on the economic growth of Nigeria. The researcher adopted ex-post facto research design and regression analysis was used in analyzing the time series data generated through secondary data source. The study found that public debt has a negative effect on economic growth, exchange rate has positive relationship with economic growth in Nigeria and interest rate does not have significant effect on the economic growth of Nigeria. Based on the findings the study concludes that public debts are necessary to meet shortfall internal resources, and stimulate the economy. Based on the finding the study recommends as follows: government should aggressively pursue the process of diversification of the economy. This will result in buoyant and robust economy which will reduce the public debt.

Corruption under a microscope, a Ghana perspective

Saeed, A. S. Ibn, E. Wahaga, G. Yankey — Tue, 17 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Corruption is a global issue and a challenge in Ghana, however in the last few years, it has taken over aspects of the Ghanaian society, from government, public and private sectors, and creating a negative impact on all governance arrangement and performance in Ghana. The prevalence of corruption points to a humongous dishonesty in the Ghanaian society. Some causes of corruption in Ghana are political monetization, low level of literacy, non-enforcement of relevant laws, bureaucracy, and fusing of duties among the arms of governance. Corruption retards economic development and growth, moral degeneration, reduces confidence in government Institutions, Product and poor execution of government projects and contracts. “Perceived” corruption by religious leaders has adversely affected people’s faith in God. Progressively, successive governments have tried to tackle corruption by the introduction of legislation; attempted selective prosecution of persons culpable of corruption; digitizing services, to reduce the interface of humans in service delivery mechanism, but all these have had limited success due to political interferences and selectivity of application. The watchful eyes of Civil and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and world bodies such as the World Bank, United Nations, and Transparency International have all helped in minimizing the impact of corruption to various degrees. The decision to fight corruption is an exceptional one justified by exceptional circumstances. Ghanaians need to make disciplined efforts to produce fundamental decisions that shape and guide how and what they do to fight corruption. Reports from government, NGOs and international bodies were searched and selected according to their relevance to the subject under study and analysed to write this paper. The objective of this paper is therefore to make an exhaustive analysis of corruption in Ghana.

Effect of advertising on sales performance of fast-moving consumer goods in Akwa Ibom State

Tue, 17 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The study examined the effects of advertising on sales performance in fast moving consumer goods in Akwa Ibom State. The specific objectives were to examine the relationship between radio advertisement and sales performance of FMCG, investigate the relationship between television advertisement and sales performance of FMCG, and determine the relationship between billboard advertisement and sales performance of FMCG. The research design used for this study is the survey method. Primary data were collected from a judgmentally determined sample of 200 respondents from the qualified population of FMCG’s consumers in Uyo metropolis. The data treatment techniques adopted correlation coefficient as a statistical tool for analyzing or testing hypothesis level and comparing on dependent and independent variables. Based on the results, it was revealed thus:, Radio advertisement has a significant impact on sales performance of FMC, there was a significant impact of television media advertisement on sales performance of FMCG, and there was a significant relationship between billboard advertisement and sales performance of FMCG. The following recommendations were made: Companies should devise effective strategies on how advertising will lead to growth of the organization. The management should monitor the activities of the company's sales force so that marketing objectives could be properly determined. The organization should implement policies on advertising and how it could be well planned.

Human Development Index: A regional perspective

Godwin E. Uddin — Tue, 17 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Taking development as a multi-dimensional concept invariably justifies the argument of adopting the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Human Development Index (HDI) as a measure of development. Thus, being an attempt thereof to undertake a cross-country comparative study of the trend of Human Development progress in selected countries between 1990 and 2013 and following the UNDP regional classification, a total of 35 countries inclusive of the industrial countries were evaluated. Factors such as continual social unrest, engendered socio-political crisis, adverse income distribution, high depth of food deficit, lack of education and health services amidst others were evident as limiting factors for human development. However based on the progress made in selected economies, it is recommended that priority attention especially by Developing Economies be given to enabling necessary institutional and structural changes in view to foster human development, synonymous to economic development.

Leadership failure and the challenge of insecurity in Nigeria: An appraisal of the Buhari’s Administration (2015 – 2023)

Solomon B. Adekunle, Fidelis Moses Alokpa — Tue, 17 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This paper discusses the relationship between leadership failure and the challenges of insecurity in Nigeria. The particular focus is on the administration of Muhammadu Buhari, (2015 – 2023). In order to achieve the objective of the paper, the study adopted expos facto research design, hence data for the paper were obtained from secondary sources and discussed through content analysis. Social contract theory was used as a framework to guide the discussion on establishing the nexus between poor leadership and national security. The study discovered among other things that despite the fact that the administration of Muhammadu Buhari promised to bring to an end, insecurity in the Northeast within the first six months of his assumption in office, leadership failure made the crisis linger, even up to the end of his administration and also snowballed into other regions of the country in a high degree. The study recommended among other things that Leadership should show strong political will in tackling security issues and challenges by bringing the culprits to justice.