International Journal of Educational Research

Editorial

B.O. Makinde — 2023-08-29

No Abstract

Health Status of Students attending a Secondary School in Ibadan, Nigeria: Implication for School Health Program

Babatunde Fakunle — 2023-08-29

The reasons to enforce the implementation of School Health Programme (SHP) in secondary schools are essential to ensure the overall success. This study assessed the health status of school students as indices to enforce SHP in Nigeria. A descriptive, convenient and crosssectional study was carried out using pretested semi-structured questionnaires and clinical examination on 1,026 volunteered secondary school students in Ibadan metropolis between June, 2022 and July, 2022. The average Body Mass Index for students in junior classes was 16.24±2.48 while that of the senior class students was 17.80±1.66. In junior classes, 39% of the students had adequate nutrition while the majority 47% were malnourished, 14% of the students in junior classes were severely malnourished. Thirty-Five percent (35%) of students in senior classes had mild to moderate malnutrition while the majority (65%) was adequately nourished. Most (91.2%) of 135 consented students had at least one dental issue, 84% of the students had generalized chronic marginal gingivitis, 1.6% students had chronic periodontitis, 0.8% students had dentoalveolar abscess carries, pulpal necrosis, molar hypomineralisation and chronic periodontitis. Based on substance abuse questionnaire analysis, few students (6.3% and 1.1%) needed intensive counselling and severe counselling respectively. Malnutrition and poor dental hygiene were prevalent among the students. Concerted effort is required to establish counselling centres and implement SHP.

Re-Engineering Teaching and Learning of Accounting and Word Processing through ICT and Collaborative Learning Approach: Implications on Learning Outcome

Margaret Osamuede Igbinoba — 2023-08-29

This study explored teaching and learning outcome enhanced by Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and collaborative learning approach in accounting and word processing by considering the performance of learners in evaluating this learning approach. The study adopts quasi experimental design involving learners from the School of Business Education, Federal College of Education (Technical) Akoka. Sixty (60) learners from the Nigerian Certificate of Education (NCE II) Accounting and Office Technology Management Education (OTME) Students 2022/2023 were purposefully selected for the study. Content of the training was assessed, and the questions administered were validated by experts in the field of business education and further subjected to test-retest reliability analysis which yielded a coefficient of 0.78 (strong positive correlation) indicating a high degree of reliability. Descriptive statistics were deployed to analyze the questions raised and independent samples ttest was deployed in testing formulated hypothesis. The results revealed a significant difference in performance of the learners before and after being exposed to ICT and collaborative learning approach. Among others, the study recommends that business education course content should be delivered through the use of ICT and a collaborative learning approach.

Enhancing STEM learning outcomes at a few secondary schools in Ijebu Ode LGA of Ogun State through inquiry learning spaces (ILS)

Adefunke O. Ekine — 2023-08-29

Technology prepares young people to become better at research and critical thinking that may enhance problem-solving skills, encourage teamwork, collaboration, and application of knowledge to new situation. Inquiry Learning Space (ILS) is therefore a technological innovation needed to foster learning particularly in STEM education. This study employed quasiexperimental research design of pre- and post-tests. Purposive sampling was employed to select participants (teachers) from the 2016 prior TETFund Project STEM teachers from both private and public schools who had been trained on gender sensitivity. Sixty-five (65) STEM teachers from Public and private schools in Ijebu Ode LGA were used for the study. In addition, teachers were asked to administer test and record the scores of students’ participants (257 students) before and after using ILS for teaching. Two questionnaires (teacher and student version) with r = .93; r = .86 respectively was developed by the researchers and administer before and after the training to the teachers. Six hypotheses were tested. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, percentages, t-test, and Multiple Regression Analysis. The results showed a significant difference in mean attitude of public and private school teachers respectively towards the use of ILS (t(95) = 6.41, p = .000) ; (t(29) = 4.17, p = .000). Furthermore, it showed that there was a significant difference in students’ score before and after the use of ILS (t(512) = 15.10, p = .000). It is therefore recommended that all STEM teachers be trained and encouraged to employ the use of ILS in the teaching of STEM subjects

Effectiveness of Acceptance - Commitment and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapies on Self-Esteem of Adolescents from Broken Homes in Ogun State, Nigeria

Benedicta Ezeugo Ekeanya — 2023-08-29

Broken home has damaging effects on adolescents. Studies have reported that broken home has an influence on the self-esteem of adolescents of such home. Thus, this study examined the effectiveness of two behaviour modification therapies namely: Acceptance- Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) on self-esteem of adolescents from broken homes in Ogun State, Nigeria. A sample of 71 adolescents consisting of 28 male and 43 female were selected for the study using multistage sampling process. The design used for the study was the quasi–experimental: pretest/posttest control group design. The study consisted of three groups: two treatment groups and one control group. The first group was exposed to Acceptance-Commitment therapy (ACT), second group was exposed to Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), while the control group had no treatment. The following instruments were used to collect relevant data for the study: Family Structure Questionnaire (FSQ), The Adjustment Inventory for School Students (AISS) and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Two hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Data collected for the study were analysed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The results indicated significant differences in self-esteem among the adolescents as a result of the interventions. The REBT was observed to be more effective in the management of self-esteem than the ACT. Male and female adolescents were observed not to differ in selfesteem as a result of exposing them to ACT and REBT. In the light of the findings, it was recommended, among others, that ACT and REBT should be adopted in improving self-esteem of adolescents from broken homes.

Effect of Multisensory Approach on the Spelling abilities of pupils with Dysorthography in Ibadan, Nigeria

Abiodun Taofikat Adewunmi — 2023-08-29

Spelling is a revered skill in the modern world which can be significantly impaired by some factors like dyslexia, dysgraphia, and dysorthography. Previous studies in this field have primarily relied on inference from other populations, such as dyslexia, with limited empirical support for individuals specifically affected by dysorthography. Furthermore, within Nigeria, the absence of formal spelling instruction at different educational levels and the lack of comprehensive assessments for school-aged children prior to admission exacerbate the scarcity of empirical knowledge on dysorthography management. This study aimed to assess the impact of a multisensory spelling intervention on pupils with dysorthographia in Ibadan. A quasiexperimental design was employed, utilizing a pre- test – post-test control group design. A purposive sampling technique was used to select a school in Oyo State and 30 pupils with dysorthographia who made up the sample. The sample was assigned to either the experimental or control group. Participants in the experimental groups were exposed to six weeks of spelling intervention using multisensory approach. Data were analysed using analysis of covariance. The findings of the study revealed that There was a significant main effect of multisensory approach on the spelling abilities of pupils as the post-test scores of the experimental group were significantly different from that of the control group. Multisensory approach was effective in enhancing the spelling skills of pupils with dysorthography in Ibadan. The study recommended that multisensory approach should be used in schools to teach pupils with dysorthography

Belief System, Peer Pressure and Self-monitoring Skills as Determinant of Academic Achievement among Senior Secondary School Students in Ogun State

Ayodeji Olorunfemi Olawole — 2023-08-29

This study examined the contributions of belief system, peer pressure, and self-monitoring skills to academic achievement of senior secondary school students. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. A sample size of 1,800 was selected through the stratified random sampling technique. Four research instruments was used for this study which include: Belief System Awareness Questionnaire (BSAQ, Findings revealed that peer pressure and selfmonitoring skills Peer Pressure Scale (PPS, Revised Self-Monitoring Scale (RSMS) and Measure of Academic Achievement (MAA). All the instruments were used for data collection and were analyzed using descriptive statistics at the 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that peer pressure and self-monitoring skills significantly relate with academic achievement of students from senior secondary schools, that belief system, peer pressure, and self-monitoring skills significantly contributed to academic achievement of students in senior secondary schools and that self-monitoring skills and peer pressure were significant predictors of academic achievement of the adolescent students, but belief system was not a significant predictor of academic achievement. Discussion based on the findings of the study was done. Adolescents must be educated about the importance of harnessing and balancing belief system, peer pressure and self-monitoring skills in their educational lives is one of the recommendations that was made.

Awareness, Causes and Prevalence of Smuggling among Adolescent Students in Seme and Owode-Apa Border Areas Lagos, Nigeria

B. Ahimie — 2023-08-29

This study examined the awareness, causes and prevalence of smuggling among adolescent students in Seme and Owode-Apa border areas of Lagos State. Three research questions guided the conduct of the study. The study adopted survey research method. The target population of the study comprised all senior secondary school (SSS II) students in Seme and Owode-Apa border towns of Lagos State. Two hundred respondents were randomly selected as sample for this study and the questionnaires were retrieved for data analysis. A structured questionnaire was constructed and administered on the respondents for data collection. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using simple percentages, mean and standard deviation. The findings revealed there is a high level of awareness of smuggling among adolescent students; there are perceived causes of smuggling among adolescent students; the extent of smuggling prevalence among adolescent students in Seme and Owode-apa border areas of Lagos State is high. Based on the findings, it was recommended that community sensitization around border communities to enlighten members of the community on the evils of smuggling and the likely consequences on the students should be carried out regularly. Security liaison and networking with security departments should be encouraged towards achieving the national security objectives and so on.

Understanding the Challenges of Learning Disabilities: The Information Processing Theory Perspective

Samuel Orim Orim — 2023-08-29

Learning disabilities affect the totality of the individual and national productivity yet, it is most neglected in the common wealth of exceptionality. This continues to complicate the fate of the discipline, and the provision of professional intervention services. Despite the wealth in models and principles of the field, many issues still hinder seamless conceptualization of the disability, 60 years after its birth. This discourse aims at a proper understanding of disability, as a way of demystifying learning process and why those with learning disabilities find it unnecessarily difficult to learn like their peers. This paper uses cognitive psychology theory of information processing to situate learning disabilities in the context of learning activities as information in the classroom. The paper defines disability, its nature, challenges, and explains why those with the disability find it very difficult to learn and perform like their peers in some academic tasks. Information processing theory is used to discuss how stimulus from learning environment affects the way information is processed, as well as the relatedness of the theory to learning disabilities. The study concludes that any distortion in the processing stage will affect ability to learn, and suggest among others that technology should be used to mitigate and improve the processing of stimulus from learning environment to enhance the understanding of disability.

Assessment of Lecturers’ Compliance Rate with COVID-19 Safety Protocols Using Innovative Educational Teaching Technologies in Universities in Cross River State

Rosemary O. Osim — 2023-08-29

This study assessed lecturers’ compliance rate with covid-19 safety protocols using innovative educational teaching technologies in universities in Cross River State. The survey research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study was the entire 2,356 academic staff of University of Calabar and Cross River University of Technology. Simple random sampling technique was used to draw 353 (15%) of the entire population as sample for the study. Four research questions were developed to guide the study. The instrument for data collection was a close ended questionnaire designed by the researchers. The questionnaire was titled Lecturers’ Compliance Rate with Covid-19 Safety Protocols Using Innovative Educational Teaching Technologies Survey (LCRCSPUIETTS). The instrument was validated by three experts drawn from Educational Management and Measurement and Evaluation Departments, all in University of Calabar. The instrument has a reliability of .75-.85 ranging using Cronbach’s alpha Method. Data collected were analysed through simple percentages. The findings revealed poor rate of lecturers’ compliance with COVID-19 protocols amongst others. However, a greater proportion of lecturers adopted social media and e-mail as alternative mediums for teaching and communication to reduce direct contact and clustering of large number of students in classes. It was therefore recommended that management should establish task force to ensure the sustained implementation of safety protocols to curb the menace of COVID-19 as well as forestall the potential outbreak of life threatening diseases in the near future.

A Comparative study of Computed Aided Learning and Traditional Teaching Method on the understanding of Linear and Quadratic Functions in Mathematics

V.O. Igbinosa — 2023-08-29

This study examined the effect of Computer Aided Learning and Traditional Teaching Method on the understanding of quadratic functions in Mathematics. To carry out the study, the researcher formulated two hypotheses to give direction to the study. The sample of the study comprised sixty (60) randomly selected students from two Unity Secondary Schools in Main Land local Government Area. Lagos State Nigeria. The instrument employed in the study for data collection was a self - developed questionnaire. Data collected was analyzed using the independent t- test Statistical tool. The two formulated hypotheses were tested at 0.05.level of significance. The results obtained were: There was significant difference in the post test due to the effects of computer aided learning on linear quadratic functions and also there was significant difference between the type of school used and mathematics achievement. Based on the research findings the following recommendations were made: Mathematics teaching should laid credence to the use of computer based as this will provides useful means of communication between the teachers and the students; students should frown at the traditional mathematics classroom that have no computer based in it where the students opinion are no heard and others.

Parental Styles as a Predictor of Aggressive behaviour of Teenagers in Marginalised Communities

Dhikrullah Ayinde Mudathir — 2023-08-29

The parenting style that balances clear expectations with warmth and support is likely the most effective in reducing teenage aggression.. The primary aim of this study was to investigate how parental style predicts aggressive behaviour among teenagers, focusing on the significant differences in age and gender of teenagers' aggressive behaviours. Three research questions and hypotheses were formulated in the study and tested at the 0.05 level of significance. The descriptive survey research method was employed in carrying out the study, where the researchers selected 120 teenagers as the study's sample using stratified sampling techniques in the Mainland Local Government Area of Lagos State, The data were collected using quantitative methods via a questionnaire as the research instrument. The research study made use of two adapted inventories/scales as the research instruments for the study, which included the Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ) shorter version and the Aggression Questionnaire shorter version with 0.71 and 0.74 reliability coefficients, respectively. Correlation analysis, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Independent t-test were used to test all hypotheses one, two, and three, respectively, in the study at the 0.05 level of significance, The findings showed that parental style does not have a significant positive correlation with aggressive behaviour exhibited by teenagers. Also, there is no difference between male- aggressive and female-aggressive behaviour among teenagers based on the age difference of respondents. In conclusion, while the findings of this research provided important insights into the complex factors that contribute to aggressive behaviours in teenagers, there is still much to learn about this issue.

Impact of Work Induced Sepa Ration on the Psychological Well-Being of Spouses of Military Personnel

B. Ahimie — 2023-08-29

With the inception of insurgency in 2009, a large number of soldiers have being deployed to the North East. While these deployments are necessary part of the military service, separation brings about changes within the family structure and add stress to the already existing stress of raising a family. Consequently these Military personnel and their spouses have suffered numerous psychological problems as well as disruption to contribution of the military personnel to their household and marital responsibilities. A semi-Structured interview was conducted with twenty (20) Military spouses in 2(two) Army barracks within Lagos and some commonly used slogans emerged: Husbands in diaspora, our visiting wives, check out my new look, have you seen the picture, keep in touch and so on. The participants accentuated various ways with which they maintain their relationship with their spouses. Some of the participants honestly agreed that the separation has both beneficial and harmful consequences on their relationships, but they handle it through frequent communication, trusting each other despite the separation, frequent visitation, sharing their marriage relationship goals, always getting into each other emotional space. The qualitative study carried out showed the there are several factors that results from separation due to the military job. While all of the factors directly predict military spouse psychological well-being, some of them also moderate the relationships between the quality of spousal relationship, frequency of communication with the husband, and spouse well-being. These findings provide insight into the nature of military service, its relationship to the spouse psychological well-being and how it is affected by work induced separation. Precisely, the results show the areas where resources can be focused to enable military spouses overcome the increased stressors present during separations caused by military job induced separation.

Relationship between the Use of Internet and Reading Culture of Secondary School Students in Lagos State

Olubukola O. Longe — 2023-08-29

This research work is on the relationship between of the Use of Internet and Reading Culture of secondary school students in Lagos state. Purposive random sampling approach was used to select two hundred (200) students. A researcher-designed questionnaire that reflected the relationship between the Use of Internet and Reading Culture based on gender and class, frequency use of the Internet; ease of use; and problems associated with the use of internet were covered. The instrument had reliability co-efficient of 0.81. Inferential statistics of Pearson product moment correlational coefficient test was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 significant levels. The results revealed that there was no significant relationship between senior secondary student’s use of the internet and the student’s reading culture based on gender, and class. The result also showed that secondary school students use the internet for close to 16 hours daily; the perceived internet to be easy to use; the effect of the use of the internet on reading culture was positive; and they face challenges in the use of the internet. Based on these findings it was recommended among others that students should be encouraged to develop a reading culture that will impact positively on their academic work; adequate provision should be made for good internet connectivity within and outside the school.

Impact of Vocational Training on Internally Displaced Women in Plateau State

S. Aletan — 2023-08-29

The aim of vocational training for women in the IDPs camp is key to help transition back to normal life. This study examined the impact of vocational training on internally displaced women in Plateau State. Two research questions guided the conduct of the study. The study adopted descriptive survey research method. The target population of the study comprised all internally displaced women in IDP camps in Plateau State. This research was carried out in Riyom of Plateau State in North Central Nigeria. Sixty respondents were randomly selected as sample for this study but at the end of the exercise, only Fifty-Five (55) were retrieved for data analysis. A structured inventory was constructed and administered on the respondents for data collection. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using simple percentages, mean and standard deviation. The findings revealed that skill acquisition through Beads making has influence on the economic status of women in IDP Camp in Plateau State; also, skill acquisition through soap making has influence on the health status of IDP woman in Plateau State. It was recommended that the administration of the state and stakeholders should build vocational centers and equip them with basic amenities that will help with the vocational training educational facilities to improve the IDPs' educational needs.

Trends of Tertiary Education in Nigeria: Art Education and Technological Literacy Appraisal

Noah Oluwasanjo Ajayi — 2023-08-29

Digital Technologies (DTs) have become the trend of teaching and learning in Nigerian tertiary institutions as a result of the recent COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. The DTs have changed the method of instruction and levels of students’ involvement in art education. This study appraises classroom situations of art education in terms of technological tools usage, assessment methods, and pedagogical devices. The technology-based theoretical framework of Engestrom’s Activity Theory (EAT), was used to analyse this study. The study was conducted at the Lagos State University of Education (LASUED), Oto/Ijanikin, Lagos, Nigeria. It adopts a qualitative research approach, using a case study, and purposively selecting participants from the Department of Fine and Applied Arts Education of LASUED. Data were collected using semistructured interviews (SSI) and focus group discussions (FGD). The data were transcribed, coded, and analysed using content analysis with relevant themes and sub-themes for discussion. The findings show that the participants really accepted the use of DTs but occasionally used it due to inadequate DTs and the challenge of spending personal money cum epileptic power supply. Thus, recommended that; the Lagos State government should improve on more possession of and access to DTs and digital skills cum training and retraining of A&DEd lecturers and students to close low technological literacy level.

Factors Responsible for Gender-Based-Violence among Married Adults in Kwara State, Nigeria

Ayuba Olawale Hammed — 2023-08-29

Gender based violence is a deliberate attempt to met out violence on an individual or individual as a result of their position of being either male or female. Thus, the study investigated factors responsible for gender based-violence among the married adults in Kwara State, Nigeria. Descriptive survey design was adopted for the study and a total sample of 420 married adults participated in the study using multi-stage sampling procedure. Researchers’ designed instrument was used to collect data for the study. Simple percentage was used to present the demographic data while the generated hypotheses were analyzed using ANOVA at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that unemployment rate, inability to meet daily needs and unwanted pregnancy due to low income and inability to secure a stable job as factors responsible for gender based-violence among the married adults. It was recommended that government should provide job opportunity for the growing population of the country and also individual should be creative and find ways of empowering themselves for better wellbeing.

Business Educators’ Attitude towards the Use of Whatsapp in Teaching during COVID-19 Pandemic in Colleges of Education in Nigeria

Joy Ngozika Onwuagboke — 2023-08-29

This study investigated the attitude of business educators in the colleges of education in the South-East Nigeria towards the use of WhatsApp in teaching business education courses during the Covid-19 pandemic. The sudden outbreak of Covid-19 in Wuhan China which later turned into a pandemic necessitated the adoption of e-learning as a way of keeping students engaged in academic activities during the lockdown. This compelled many institutions to adopt one form of e-learning or the other. A descriptive survey design was employed in the study. The sample comprised all 159 business educators in the seven public colleges of education in the zone. One research question guided the study and two research hypotheses were tested at .05 level of significance. A 13 items instrument titled Business Educators’ Attitude towards the use of WhatsApp in Teaching Questionnaire (BEATUWTQ) was used to collect data for the study. Data collected for the study were analysed using mean scores and standard deviations to answer the research question whereas independent samples t-test was used to test the hypotheses. Findings revealed that business educators have positive attitude towards the use of WhatsApp in teaching. Furthermore, there was significant difference in attitude towards use of WhatsApp in teaching based on gender and ownership of institution. Females have more positive attitude than males and business educators teaching in federal colleges of education displayed more positive attitude than their counterparts the state colleges of education. It was recommended among others that regular workshops and seminars be organized periodically to acquaint the Business Educators with the development and emergence of new e-learning technologies.

Assessment of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Resources and their Influence on Basic Science Learning in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja

Josiah Owolabi — 2023-08-29

This study sought to assess availability, functionality and adequacy of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) resources, and their influence on basic science learning. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. A total sample size of 174 basic science teachers from the two Area councils (AMAC and Kuje) participated in the study. “ICT Facilities and its Influence on Basic Science Learning Questionnaire” (IFIBSLQ) was used to collect data from public and private lower and upper schools in AMAC and Kuje Area councils of FCT. Data obtained were analysed, using frequency, percentage, one-sample and Independent samples t-tests at 0.05 level of significance. Findings showed that the level of availability of ICT facilities is high; functionality is poor, while adequacy is low. There is however no significant difference in the influence of ICT on basic science learning between rural and urban areas. All hands are to be on deck in ensuring effective usage of ICT resources for basic science learning in secondary schools.