International Journal of Migration and Global Studies

Palestinian refugees and the modern displacement dilemma: A historicaland humanitarian inquiry

Jibrin Ubale Yahaya — 2026-08-27

This paper explored the Palestinian displacement and refugee crisis in the 21st century through both historical and humanitarian lenses. Since the 1948 Nakba, Palestinians have experienced mass displacement, with over 5 million refugees currently residing in camps across the Middle East. The historical roots of this crisis lie in the creation of Israel and the subsequent expulsion and flight of Palestinian populations, which set the stage for a protracted humanitarian issue that continues to affect generations. The study examined key factors, including the ongoing Israeli occupation,regional instability, and violations of international law, particularly regarding the right of return for Palestinian refugees. This analysis also highlights the enduring humanitarian challenges faced by Palestinian refugees, including limited access to basic services, education, and employment, while stressing the role of international organisations such as UNRWA, in providing essential support. By integrating historical and contemporary perspectives, this paper underscores the complex interplay between political, legal, and humanitarian dimensions of the crisis. The findings reveal that the resolution of the Palestinian refugee issue is inextricably linked to broader peace and justice efforts in the IsraeliPalestinian conflict.

International committee of the red cross humanitarian response to internally displaced persons needs in Borno State, Nigeria

Oluwatobiloba Odedairo — 2026-08-27

In Borno State, the Boko Haram/ ISWAP insurgency led to the massive displacement of persons who subsequently migrated to urban areas in search of safety and livelihoods. This influx resulted in social tensions within host communities due to inadequate infrastructure to cater for the needs of displaced persons, thus necessitating humanitarian response from international humanitarian organisations like the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). This study examined the various interventions of the ICRC to address the basic needs of internally displaced persons in Borno State. A.H. Maslow’s Human Needs Theory and Everett Lee’s Push and Pull Theory of Migration served as frameworks, while the research adopted the case study design. Primary data were collected through participant observation, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), Key Informant Interviews (KIIs), and In-Depth Interviews (IDIs), while secondary data were obtained from United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA) reports, International Organisation for Migration (IOM) periodicals, newspapers and ICRC archives. The migration of millions of displaced persons seeking refuge into urban areas strained infrastructure, intensified insecurity and created socio-economic challenges within host communities in Borno State. Humanitarian responses, led by both national agencies and international organisations, have focused on providing immediate relief to meet the basic needs of those affected; however, minimal efforts have been implemented to further mitigate the adverse effects of the
insurgency on internally displaced persons to foster long-term recovery. This study highlights the need for a comprehensive approach that integrates conflict resolution and economic support to address the needs of displaced persons in Borno State. By fostering collaboration among government agencies, non-governmental organisations, and affected communities, Borno State can develop more effective strategies to mitigate the impacts of internal displacement, build resilience of the affected population and enhance postconflict recovery.

From desire to departure: socio-economic roots of sex tourism and irregular migration in Lagos

Nathaniel I. Omotoba — 2026-08-27

This study investigates the socio-economic, psychological, and social factors influencing young women’s engagement in migrant sex work in Lagos, Nigeria. The study, based on survey data from rehabilitation centres, identifies critical drivers such as self-esteem, mindset, peer and parental pressures, and economic factors like low income and unemployment. The results from multiple regression analysis reveal significant predictors: economic factors (get-rich syndrome, low income, and unemployment) account for 13% of the variance in engagement in migrated sex work (R² = 0.13, F (3,447) = 22.27, p < 0.001), with low income (β = 0.57, t = 8.06, p < 0.01) emerging as the strongest determinant. Psychological factors, particularly mindset, show a 9% variance explanation (R² = 0.09, F(3,447)
= 16.33, p < 0.001), with mindset being a significant predictor (β = 0.28, t = 5.40, p < 0.001). Social factors, including parental pressure (β = 0.31, t = 5.11, p < 0.001) and attitude toward luxury (β = 0.16, t = 3.33, p < 0.01), contribute 7% to the variance (R² = 0.07, F(3,447) = 11.57, p < 0.001). The study highlights the role of socio-economic vulnerabilities, particularly low income and unemployment, as pivotal in driving young women towards sex tourism. The findings emphasise the need for targeted interventions, such as economic empowerment, education, and awareness campaigns, to reduce migration for sex work and promote safer migration alternatives.

Assessment of socio-economic challenges among internally displaced persons in Kogi State, Nigeria

Seun Samuel Fogbonjaiye — 2026-08-27

Internal displacement caused by flooding in Kogi State, Nigeria, is a frequent occurrence that has impacted on the socioeconomic status of the citizens. This study aims to assess the socio-economic challenges among floods internally displaced persons in Kogi State, Nigeria. A quantitative cross-sectional research design was adopted by administering the Socioeconomic Challenges among Internal Displaced Persons due to Flood Questionnaire (SCIDPFQ) to 770 respondents. The findings show the extensive negative effects of internal displacement on physical well-being, health, including heightened susceptibility to illnesses, starvation, accidents and limited access to medical care. Demographic investigations reveal issues related to shelter and housing insecurity, food and water scarcity, disruptions in healthcare access, loss of livelihoods, and psychosocial challenges, while socio-economic bottlenecks include livelihood loss, education barriers, inadequate shelter, food insecurity, disrupted healthcare, and gender-based vulnerabilities. In addition, the psychological challenges experienced include trauma, PTSD, grief, anxiety, depression, and social isolation. To address these issues and enhance future resilience, the study recommends constant promotion and creating awareness, making investments in robust infrastructure, offering
psychosocial and mental health support, and motivating communities to develop adaptive and coping strategies. By lowering the impact of future floods and guaranteeing the safety and sustainability of the affected people, these steps will assist those who are impacted in leading more safely and sustainably.

Effects of rural-urban migration on food security in Bekwarra, North Senatorial District of Cross River State, Nigeria

Theresa Omang Okoli — 2026-08-27

Rural-Urban migration has significantly reshaped agricultural productivity in Cross River North Senatorial District, especially in Bekwarra Local Government Area, influencing both labour availability and economic growth. This study examined the extent to which migration patterns affect food security through agricultural output and rural livelihoods in the region. A mixed methods approach was employed, combining surveys with a descriptive research design. Data was collected from farmers, community leaders, and migrants’ households across selected rural communities in Bekwarra, ensuring representative samples from each subgroup. Quantitative data was collected with the use of 300 copies of the questionnaire administered to respondents to assess factors such as labour shortages, farm productivity, and income changes. Descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used to analyse the data. The qualitative component included focus group discussions with key stakeholders to explore the socio-economic implications of migration on agriculture. Thematic analysis was applied to identify emerging trends. Findings revealed that rural-urban migration has led to a decline in the agricultural workforce, reduced farm sizes, and lower productivity, as ablebodied youths relocated to urban areas in search of better economic opportunities. However, remittances from migrants contribute to improved farm mechanisation and investment in alternative livelihoods. Despite these benefits, persistent labour shortages and ageing farming populations threaten long-term agricultural sustainability. The study, therefore, concludes that rural-urban migration affects food security negatively in the study area. Stemming from the above, it is recommended that to mitigate the decline in farm labour, local authorities should implement rural development programmes that encourage youth engagement in agriculture through training, financial incentives, and mechanisation support.

The mediating role of public libraries in mitigating young professionals' migration in Nigeria

Ugonna Vivian Ailakhu — 2026-08-27

Driven by push factors such as unemployment, insecurity, and poor infrastructure, the emigration of young Nigerian professionals has become a growing concern with significant socio-economic consequences. This study examines the mediating role of public libraries in mitigating the migration of young professionals in Nigeria. Adopting a descriptive survey design and a convergent parallel mixed-methods approach, the study integrated quantitative and qualitative data from 892 participants across eight professional sectors: medical doctors, nurses, pharmacists, accountants, lawyers, engineers, librarians, and journalists. Participants were recruited using a snowball sampling technique via WhatsApp platforms of professional associations. Data were collected using a selfadministered Google Forms questionnaire with both closed- and openended items. Descriptive statistics and narrative analysis were used to analyse the data. Findings revealed that 74.8% of respondents had considered migrating abroad, citing job opportunities, income potential, and insecurity as key drivers. However, 67.2% had accessed public libraries within the past year, primarily for study, career development, and internet use. Importantly, 74% believed that libraries could help reduce youth migration by providing opportunities for skill-building and empowerment. The study concludes that public libraries, if strategically modernised and integrated into national development frameworks, can serve as vital institutions for professional empowerment and local talent retention in Nigeria.

Participative leadership style and organisational performance: A study of Conoil PLC, Abuja, Nigeria

Nancy Ugochi Chidiebere — 2026-08-27

This study examined the effect of participative leadership on the organisational performance of Conoil Plc in Abuja, Nigeria, using the
PathGoal Theory of leadership to analyse the connection between leadership style and performance. A survey design was employed, testing two hypotheses. A sample of 102 employees was selected from six Conoil Plc stations in AMAC, Abuja, out of a total workforce of 145, using a stratified random sampling technique. Data was gathered through self-administered questionnaires and analysed using descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis. Inferential statistics were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), and Cronbach's Alpha was used to assess the reliability of the questionnaire. The results indicated a strong positive relationship between participative leadership and organisational performance, as well as between effective communication and service quality. This implies that organisational success or failure is closely tied to leadership style, emphasising the importance of participative leadership in fostering organisational productivity. The study concluded that participative leadership significantly influences the performance of Conoil Plc (AMAC), Abuja. Based on these findings, it is recommended that organisations adopt participative leadership to enhance employee responsibility. Management should prioritise participative leadership as a key policy, involving employees in decision-making and encouraging effective communication to gather feedback and ideas. This approach would lead to higher employee engagement and improved organisational performance.

Linguicide and African languages: Green economy as a strategic platform for preservation

Iyabode Omolara Akewo Nwabueze — 2026-08-27

The threat to the Nigerian/African languages usually appears distant. However, the reality is that, just as global warming caught up with us without warning, linguicide is proving to be a high probability in the world. This study thus engages a systematic analysis of some speech events to exemplify the palpable threat to the existence of Nigerian/African languages. An ethnographic study was conducted to identify instances of linguistic erosion through psychologically negative attitudes towards using indigenous languages among Africans in certain significant social contexts. It was found that, beyond mere trendiness in the choice of English on such occasions, the colonial psychological damage done to the Nigerian/African languages through deliberate policy choices to downgrade them continues to hold sway in the psyche of many Nigerians/Africans. It was thus concluded that, except the trend is stemmed through deliberate linguistic salvation, the linguistic ecology of Nigeria/Africa may soon suffer total desertification.