International Journal of Public Administration

Gendered Dimensions of Conflict Management: Unpacking Structural and Cultural Barriers to Women’s Leadership in Resolving Herders-Farmers Conflicts in Sub-Saharan Africa

Akunne Eleje — 2026-08-10

This study explores the gender disparities in leadership within conflict resolution processes in Sub-Saharan Africa, emphasizing the cultural, economic, and institutional barriers that hinder women's participation. Despite their significant contributions to grassroots peacebuilding and conflict management, women continue to face systemic challenges driven by entrenched patriarchal norms and economic inequalities. Through a systematic literature review, the study synthesizes existing research to identify critical barriers and enablers influencing women's leadership roles. The conceptual model developed highlights the interconnected factors shaping women's involvement in conflict resolution, offering a structured approach to addressing these challenges. Key findings underscore the importance of policy interventions, economic empowerment, and capacity-building initiatives to foster gender-inclusive conflict management frameworks. This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on gender and leadership by providing insights that inform policy and practical interventions aimed at achieving sustainable peacebuilding in the region.

Innovative Leadership and Democratic Dividend Delivery: An Appraisal of Dr. Alex Otti’s Two Years in Office

Agwu 1Ifegwu — 2026-08-10

This paper is aimed at examining innovative leadership style and its impact on democratic dividend delivery. Using a six-step thematic analysis of qualitative data, and leveraging on Transformational Leadership Theory, the research appraises the two-years- administration of Dr. Alex Otti as the executive governor of Abia state Nigeria [May, 2023-May, 2025]. Findings reveal that democratic dividend delivery is the core of Innovative leadership and it touches the HEARTS of the society. His administration’s commitment to citizen-centric governance has restored hope and dignity to the people, setting a model for good governance in the South East and indeed Nigeria at large. Nonetheless, there are still more room for improvement in the various sectors analyzed, we therefore recommend that the governor become more strategic in his approach, adding collaborative governance to his sleeve. Again that every strata of government should engage in innovative leadership as a lifeline to bring Nigeria out of the quagmire caused by bad leadership

Citizen Participation in Public Planning and Its Impact on Community Development in the Karongi District of Western Rwanda

Uwimana Claude — 2026-08-10

Citizen participation is a crucial component of democratic governance, inclusive public planning, and sustainable community development. Despite Rwanda's decentralization reforms and the establishment of participatory governance mechanisms, the extent to which citizens can effectively influence local planning and decision-making processes remains questionable. This study, using the Karongi District of Rwanda's West Province as a case study, explores citizen participation in public planning and its impact on community development. Guided by Arnstein's ladder model of citizen participation and participatory governance theory, this research assesses the forms and extent of citizen participation, identifies factors influencing participation, and examines its contribution to community development outcomes. This study employed a descriptive research design, using a combination of purposive and random sampling to select 80 respondents, who were then given questionnaires. Respondents included local residents, community leaders, and representatives of civil society organizations. Data analysis utilized descriptive statistical methods, particularly frequency and percentage. The results indicate that citizen participation in the Karongi district is primarily concentrated in the information sharing and consultation phases, while direct participation in decision-making remains limited. The study concludes that while participation mechanisms have been established and have yielded significant governance benefits, greater emphasis needs to be placed on empowering citizens to influence planning priorities and decisions. The study recommends strengthening citizen education, improving access to planning information, refining feedback mechanisms, and expanding inclusive participation platforms to promote more effective, responsible, and sustainable local governance

Code-Switching and Multilingualism as Strategic Entrepreneurial Tools: Evidence from Nigeria, South Africa, and India

Egwuchukwu Ifensor — 2026-08-10

Linguistic diversity is a defining feature of entrepreneurial environments in postcolonial societies such as Nigeria, South Africa, and India. In these contexts, entrepreneurs routinely navigate multiple language codes within a single communicative act, deploying code-switching and multilingual repertoires not incidentally but as deliberate commercial strategy. This paper investigates the strategic dimensions of multilingual entrepreneurial communication, drawing on Bourdieu's theory of linguistic capital, Communication Accommodation Theory, and Ethnolinguistic Identity Theory as its theoretical foundation. Through qualitative data generated from semi-structured interviews with multilingual entrepreneurs and systematic content analysis of their digital marketing materials, the study identifies five dominant themes: trust and consumer relatability, brand segmentation and register differentiation, digital platform leverage through translanguaging, ethnolinguistic identity alignment, and the management of communicative risk. Findings demonstrate that multilingual entrepreneurs who align their language choices with audience expectations achieve stronger consumer trust, wider market reach, and more distinctive brand identities than those who rely exclusively on dominant metropolitan languages. The paper argues that linguistic flexibility constitutes a form of market capital that should be integrated into entrepreneurship education, business development support, and inclusive digital economy policy in multilingual emerging markets.

Strategic Governance and Institutional Capacity: Lessons from Singapore and Nigeria in Developmental State Practice

Daramola Taiwo — 2026-08-10

Singapore and Nigeria began their post-independence lives with almost mirror-image resource positions. Singapore had limited land, virtually no natural resources, and a culturally diverse population. In contrast, Nigeria possessed substantial hydrocarbon wealth, arable land, and one of Africa's largest post-independence elites. Yet six decades later, their developmental paths have diverged dramatically, with the gap widening further over the past decade. Because this divergence is accelerating, it raises a question resource-based theories cannot fully explain: why does administrative capacity strengthen in one context but weaken in another, irrespective of their material starting conditions? This paper takes up that question through a comparative-historical analysis of the two states' bureaucratic institutions, drawing on Peter Evans's concept of embedded autonomy and the developmental-regimes literature associated with the Overseas Development Institute. The paper draws on a decade of data on income, human development, industry, employment, foreign investment, and infrastructure. The study argues that Singapore's success stems less from planning than from politically insulated institutions that sustained long-term policy, while Nigeria's federalism, patronage, and fragmented authority undermined similar institutional stability. The paper engages directly with Mkandawire's critique of how transferable the developmental-state model really is to African contexts. Rather than recommending wholesale adoption of Singaporean institutional forms, we identify specific, context-sensitive mechanisms of embedded autonomy that could plausibly be cultivated within Nigeria's existing political economy and, in doing so, offer a more grounded basis for institutional reform than comparative case studies would have typically provided.

Artificial Intelligence, Governance, And Public Policy in Nigeria: Challenges, Opportunities and Policy Imperatives

Ubokuloh Okon — 2026-08-10

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly transforming governance and public policy by improving decision-making, public service delivery, and administrative efficiency. This study examined artificial intelligence governance and public policy in Nigeria, focusing on the challenges, opportunities, and policy imperatives associated with AI adoption. The institutional theory was used to shoulder this study. The study adopted a qualitative research design based on secondary data obtained from scholarly journals, books, government documents, and reports from international organizations. Data were analyzed using content analysis. The findings revealed that AI has the potential to enhance transparency, accountability, revenue generation, healthcare, education, security, and evidence-based policymaking in Nigeria. However, weak regulatory frameworks, inadequate digital infrastructure, a shortage of skilled personnel, cybersecurity threats, and data privacy concerns continue to hinder its effective implementation. The study concludes that Nigeria can maximize the benefits of AI by strengthening legal and institutional frameworks, investing in digital infrastructure and human capital, promoting ethical AI practices, and fostering collaboration among government, academia, and the private sector to achieve sustainable national development

Artificial Intelligence and Branding for Economic Competitiveness in Nigeria

Agbo Ngozi — 2026-08-10

The objectives of this paper are to examine the role of artificial intelligence and ICT in enhancing economic competitiveness in Nigeria; the extent to which digital transformation influences nation branding and market reputation; and the challenges limiting effective technological adoption in the Nigerian context. The study is anchored on Diffusion of Innovation Theory and Technological Determinism, which explain patterns of technology adoption and their socio-economic implications. The study adopts a qualitative research design using secondary data from policy documents, institutional reports, and relevant scholarly literature. The findings from the literature review indicate that while ICT has improved connectivity and global participation, the slow adoption or limited AI adoption constrains Nigeria’s capacity to fully compete in global digital economy. The study concludes that strategic integration of AI and ICT is essential for strengthening Nigeria’s economic competitiveness and global image. It recommends increased investment in digital infrastructure, development of AI-related skills, strengthening of regulatory frameworks and the strategic use of digital platforms to enhance nation branding.

Annuity Policy Adoption and Retirement Management in Nigeria

Andrew Okafor — 2026-08-10

Private saving in Nigeria has increasingly become important and the insurance landscape has also become more complex in terms of the range and type of financial products available for retirement plans and management. The specific objectives of this study are to examine the level of adoption and utilization of annuity by retirees in retirement management and also to ascertain the persistent constraints in annuity adoption in retirement management in Nigeria. The study adopted a theoretical review approach in intersecting strands of literature to explore the reality of annuity adoption in retirement management in Nigeria. The theoretical framework of study is anchored on the Life Cycle Savings Theory. The findings reveal that annuity policy has grossly been underutilized due largely to non-adoption of the policy in the Nigerian context in spite of its numerous advantages. It was also discovered that the factors constituting major constraints to the adoption of annuity policy in retirement management in Nigeria include adverse selection, actuarial unfairness, bequest motive and social network, health uncertainty, administrative cost and lack of inflation protection in commercially available annuities. Significantly, the enactment of the Pension Reform Act (PRA) 2014 and subsequent regulatory interventions by the National Pension Commission (PenCom) including the Revised Regulation on Retiree Life Annuity (2020), the Revised Regulation on the Administration of Retirement and Terminal Benefits (2022), and the introduction of the Micro Pension Plan (2018) have substantially reformed the landscape within which annuity products are administered in Nigeria. The policy implication of these findings is that non-adoption and underutilization of annuities continue to retard the development of the annuity market in Nigeria, notwithstanding the improvements introduced by the PRA 2014 framework.

Fuel subsidy removal policy implementation and socio-economic outcomes in Nigeria (2023-2026)

Agwu Ifegwu — 2026-08-10

This study evaluates the implementation of the fuel subsidy removal policy in Nigeria between 2023 – 2026, and examines its socio-economic outcomes on citizens, businesses, and government finances. The study is anchored on Political Economy of policy reform (The social contract lens), while Poverty and Social Impact Assessment (PSIA) serves as the analytical framework for assessing the welfare consequences of fuel subsidy removal on different socio-economic groups in Nigeria. The study adopts a qualitative and analytical approach using secondary approach: data from government publications, academic journals, policy reports, and economic indicators. It assesses the extent to which the policy achieved its intended objectives and investigates the challenges encountered during implementation. Findings reveal that although the policy contributed to increased government revenue, improved fiscal savings, and renewed investor confidence, it also intensified economic hardship for many Nigerians through rising inflation, declining purchasing power, and increased poverty levels, among others The work recommends strengthening social safety nets, improving policy communication, and ensuring accountability in the utilization of funds generated from subsidy removal to enhance public trust and socio-economic welfare in Nigeria

Complexity of Financial Reporting Standards to The Users; Challenges and Opportunities

Okeke Chukwuma — 2026-08-10

This research study focused on complexity of financial reporting Standards to the users; challenges and opportunities. It centers on First Bank Plc, Ekwulobia, one of the servicing business organisations in Anambra state. Data were gathered through primary and secondary sources for the study. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for examination of the respondents’ opinions and for data analysis. The population of the study consists of branch management staff and others in values departments of the selected organisation, numbering thirty-five (35). In determining the sample for the study, the researchers adopted a census sampling approach or total population survey where mathematical contraction was bypassed and all eligible members of the defined targeted population were included into the final analytical sample. The data collected were analysed in table and simple percentage statistics. A 5-point likert scale was designed to measure the variables while the hypotheses formulated were tested using a chi-square instrument. The results of the findings were discussed while conclusion and recommendations systematically offered, highlighting the various areas for restoring the stakeholders’ confidence to ensure sustained growth of business organisations through proper use of financial reporting standards.

State-local Government Fiscal Relations and Service Delivery in Local Government Areas of Anambra State.

Afamefuna Okafor — 2026-08-10

This study examined the effect of State- Local Government fiscal relations on service delivery in Anambra State. Our findings are based on the analysis of selected local government areas survey results, where we tested the effects of the State Joint Local Government Account (SJLGA) on the provision of infrastructural facilities in Local Government Areas, the extent to which lack of local government financial autonomy has impacted on service delivery in rural areas and the extent to which SJLGA fiscal arrangements impacted the accessibility of funds for service delivery. The study employed descriptive survey design and the functionalist theory as its theoretical framework. Findings reveal that the SJLGA adversely impacts the provision of infrastructural facilities in Local Government Areas in Anambra State, and the lack of local government financial autonomy severely constrains effective service delivery in rural areas in Anambra State. The study recommends that the government should release the statutory allocation to the local government and at when due as directed by Financial Intelligence Council (FIU) to help them develop and operate independently.

Effect of Exchange Rate Depreciation On Non-Oil Export in Nigeria

Okafor Andrew — 2026-08-10

This study seeks to find the effect of exchange rate depreciation on non-oil export in Nigeria between 1975 and 2021. In achieving the specific objectives, that is to determine the effect of trade openness on non-oil export in Nigeria; to ascertain the effect of interest rate on non-oil export in Nigeria; to determine the effect of exchange rate depreciation on non-oil export in Nigeria, Ordinary Least Square and Error Correction Model (ECM) was adopted. The study found among other things that there is significant long run relationship between exchange rate depreciation and non-oil exports in Nigeria for the period under study. It was also found that developments in exchange rates significantly affect non-oil exports in Nigeria and that there is a significant causality which runs from exchange rate to non-oil exports in Nigeria. The policy implication of this study is that monetary authority should ensure exchange rate stability to avoid adverse effect on the growth of non-oil export. The study concludes that there is positive effect of exchange rate depreciation on non-oil export. Based on this; The study recommends among other things that having seen that developments in exchange rates has significantly effect on non -oil exports, government should encourage stability in macroeconomic variables (exchange rate inclusive), and employ such growth oriented and stabilization policies especially at macro level which will promote non-oil exports and in order to encourage non-oil activities so as to increase production

Militarization, Checkpoint Density in the South-East Corridors and Socio-Economic Hazards on the Region

Nworgu Theodore — 2026-08-10

This study investigated militarization, checkpoint density in the South-East corridors and socio-economic hazards on the region through direct field observation. The increasing concentration of security checkpoints across the region has generated concerns regarding disproportionate security deployment, prolonged travel delays, economic disruption, and allegations of extortion. Using an observational fieldwork design, data were collected during six inter-state journeys covering the Abuja–Abaji–Lokoja–Ajaokuta–Nsukka–Enugu–Okigwe–Aba corridors. Security formations were counted across corridors segments and classified according to geopolitical zones. Descriptive statistics and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression were employed to analyse checkpoint density and regional variations. Findings reveal that the South-East corridors recorded substantially higher concentrations of security formations than the North-Central axis, with the Enugu–Aba segment accounting for the highest checkpoint density. Regression results indicated that regional classification positively predicts checkpoint concentration, although the limited sample constrains statistical significance. Findings show that security deployment within the South-East reflects patterns consistent with militarization and regional profiling, while simultaneously creating opportunities for informal revenue extraction and increased transportation costs. The study recommends intelligence-led security deployment, institutional checkpoint audits, digital monitoring of stop-and-search operations, independent anti-extortion mechanisms, and strengthened community-security partnerships to enhance accountability, restore public confidence, and promote equitable security governance across Nigeria.

Ethnocentric Debacle and Administrative Quagmire in The Nigerian Public Service

Bassey Okon — 2026-08-10

This study investigates the influence of identity-based favoritism on administrative processes within the Nigerian public service, focusing on how group affiliation, political patronage, and representational pressures affect recruitment, promotion, and service delivery. Anchored on Social Identity Theory, Patron–Client Theory, and Weberian Bureaucratic Theory, the study explains how ethnic loyalty, exchange-based politics, and deviation from meritocratic principles combine to produce inefficiency in public administration. A qualitative research design was adopted, relying on documentary evidence and thematic analysis of relevant literature and institutional reports. Findings reveal that recruitment and promotion decisions are frequently shaped by non-merit considerations, resulting in the appointment of less qualified personnel, weakened institutional capacity, and poor service delivery outcomes. The study further identifies patronage networks and weak enforcement of administrative regulations as key factors sustaining these practices. It concludes that the administrative challenges observed are not solely a function of diversity, but of weak institutional controls and inadequate adherence to bureaucratic principles. The study recommends strengthened merit-based recruitment systems, improved transparency in human resource management, and stricter enforcement of civil service regulations to enhance administrative efficiency and public trust.

Human Resource Development in Nigerian Public University and Employee Performance, Job Satisfaction, And Institutional Productivity: A Study of Two Federal Universities Within South East

Okoye Tochukwu — 2026-08-10

This study investigated the current state of human resource development in Nigeria public universities. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The participants in this study were 100 employees from two Nigerian public universities. The participants were selected using a purposive sampling technique in two federal universities within Southeast, Nigeria. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study provides valuable insights into HRD’s role in Nigerian public universities. It confirms that HRD programs are widely perceived as effective in improving employee performance, job satisfaction, and institutional productivity. The findings of this study also suggest that human resource development programs are perceived as effective in improving employee performance and job satisfaction.

Entrepreneurship Education and Training in Nigeria: Preparing The Next Generation

Ijeoma Nwankwo — 2026-08-10

The work is titled: Entrepreneurship education and training: preparing the next generation. The study adopted descriptive survey design, secondary data were mainly instruments utilized for data collection. Objectives were articulated to investigate the challenges militating against the success of entrepreneurship education and training in Nigeria and also how entrepreneurship education can assist the next generation. It was concluded that through a well-planned execution of entrepreneurship education the next generation will be more productive and committed as employees and employers of labour thereby allowing their unique capabilities to be utilized for the growth and development of the nation. It was also recommended that entrepreneurship education and training should be incorporated into our schools and institutions of higher learning since it is imperative that the country's workforce should have entrepreneurial skills and mind-set before enrolling in employment whether as employer's or employees in order to compete effectively in the marketplace.

The Influence of Green Supply Chain Management On Sustainable Development. A Study of Sachet Water Producing Companies in Onitsha.

Igwenazor Nchekwube — 2026-08-10

As environmental consciousness is growing, the concept of sustainability has become increasingly central to business strategies across sectors. Organizations are required to implement environmental-friendly practices and to develop sustainable strategies not just for the health of the environment but also for sustaining the industry for the future. The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the influence of green supply chain management on sustainability development. Questionnaire was used to collect data from 250 customers of sachet water producing companies in Onitsha, Anambra State, while Regression Analysis was used to analyze the data with the aid of SPSS version 23. The results of the hypothesis testing showed that green supply chain management has a positive influence on sustainability development. The study recommends that since green chain management has a positive influence on sustainability development, businesses should develop a clear strategy for adopting green supply chain management, invest in the necessary resources and technology and build a culture of sustainability within the organization. Policymakers should provide incentives and support to encourage businesses to adopt green supply chain management.

Improving Workforce Readiness Through Industry Collaboration in Nigerian Polytechnic Education

Nnaemeka Nwankwo — 2026-08-24

This study investigated the role of industry collaboration in improving workforce readiness among students of Nigerian polytechnics. The persistent mismatch between graduates’ competencies and labour market expectations has raised concerns regarding the effectiveness of technical and vocational education in Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design using quantitative and qualitative approaches. Data were obtained from lecturers, students, employers, industrial supervisors, and curriculum experts across selected Nigerian polytechnics. The study was anchored on Human Capital Theory and the Triple Helix Theory of university–industry collaboration. Findings revealed that inadequate collaboration between industries and polytechnics contributes significantly to low employability, poor practical competence, and workforce unpreparedness among graduates. The study established that industry participation in curriculum development, internship programmes, SIWES, industrial attachment, and technology transfer significantly enhances workforce readiness, employability skills, and entrepreneurial competence among students. The findings further indicated that obsolete curricula, inadequate infrastructure, poor funding, and weak institutional frameworks hinder effective collaboration. The study concluded that sustainable industry–polytechnic partnerships are essential for producing competent graduates capable of meeting the demands of the contemporary labour market. The study recommended periodic curriculum review, improved funding for technical education, stronger public–private partnerships, and institutionalization of industry participation in technical education policies.

Artificial Intelligence and Public Administration, In Nigeria: Challenges and Vulnerabilities

Onwuakpaoke Ogenna — 2026-08-10

The new wave of technology is the newbie “Artificial Intelligence” that is felt in every sphere of human life. It is evident that Artificial Intelligence and e-governance are increasingly recognized as essential pivotal tools for enhancing public administration in countries like Nigeria. This paper relies on secondary data, while examining the integration of AI and Nigeria's public administration framework alongside e-governance, focusing on how the efficacy of government and service delivery can significantly increase. AI has created a viable platform through which Nigeria stands to gain efficiency, transparency, time management, etc. All these can be achieved as a result of automated routine processes, real-time data analysis for decision making, personalized services offered to citizens, and enhanced government responsiveness. However, the adoption of AI in Nigeria is saddled with lots of challenges which include skill gaps, unreliable internet and electricity supply, shortage of professionals capable of managing AI applications and technologies, etc. This paper highlights current AI applications in Nigeria's e-governance such as biometric verification in elections and AI-powered chat box in tax administration alongside divulging infrastructural deficit such as unreliable internet and electricity supply. It also spells out recommendations that will significantly overcome the existing challenges and cut down its vulnerabilities to the barest minimum in order to harness the full potential of AI in Nigeria

Assessing The Influence of Human Capital Development On Economic Transformation in Eastern Nigeria

Nwankwo Nnaemeka — 2026-08-10

Human capital development remains one of the most significant determinants of economic transformation in developing economies. This study assesses the influence of human capital development on economic transformation in Eastern Nigeria with emphasis on education, healthcare, vocational training, entrepreneurship, and workforce productivity. The study adopted a descriptive survey and correlational research design utilizing both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data were sourced from secondary materials including government reports, journal publications, and institutional documents, while hypothetical statistical models were used to demonstrate empirical relationships among variables. The findings revealed that human capital development significantly contributes to employment generation, entrepreneurial development, industrial productivity, technological innovation, poverty reduction, and regional economic growth in Eastern Nigeria. The study also found that poor educational funding, unemployment, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, policy inconsistency, insecurity, and brain drain constitute major barriers to effective human capital development in the region. The study concludes that sustainable investment in education, healthcare systems, digital innovation, and entrepreneurial capacity building will significantly accelerate economic transformation in Eastern Nigeria. The paper recommends increased public investment in human capital sectors, strengthening vocational training systems, promoting innovation-driven policies, and encouraging private sector participation in human resource development

The Us -Iran War: Economic Implication for Nigeria

Odinaka Iregbu — 2026-08-10

This study analyzed the economic implications of a US-Iran war for Nigeria using quarterly regression analysis to assess transmission channels to real GDP growth. The methodology used was the ex-post facto and quantitative design. The results show that the US-Iran war variable had a negative and statistically significant effect on growth, _B_ = -0.382, _p_ = .002, indicating that periods of heightened conflict reduce Nigeria’s real GDP growth by 0.38 percentage points. Although oil prices had a positive and significant effect, _B_ = 0.215, _p_ = .008, the net impact was contractionary due to significant negative effects from inflation, _B_ = -0.097, _p_ = .021, and exchange rate depreciation, _B_ = -0.154, _p_ = .016. The findings suggest that Nigeria’s vulnerability stems from uncertainty, inflationary pass-through, and currency instability rather than oil prices alone. The study concludes that strengthening foreign exchange buffers, accelerating non-oil diversification, and adopting countercyclical fiscal rules are essential to reduce exposure to geopolitical shocks in the Middle East.

Effect of Local Government Community Development Programme On Poverty Reduction in Ebonyi State, Nigeria 2023 - 2025.

Umunnabuike Ijomanta — 2026-08-10

The study is an attempt to investigate the effect of local government community development programs on poverty reduction using Ebonyi state as a case study. The work anchored on the capability theory adopted descriptive survey design. The population of the study is 2,176,947 from which a sample size of 400 was drawn. It relied on primary and secondary data for its data collection. The data collected were analysed in tables, percentages and weighted mean and regression and T tests were used to test the hypotheses. Findings of the study show that Ebonyi state local government system has not seriously engaged in infrastructural development that actually increases household income of local community dwellers between 2023 – 2025 and that the effect of local government’s health and education services on household income which determines the poverty rate of residence of Ebonyi state community dwellers is positive and significant at 5% of significance, which implies that Ebonyi state local government system have done well in rendering health and education services in the local communities between the period 2023 and 2025. We recommendations that Ebonyi state local government system should seriously engage in infrastructural development which will enhance the increase of household income of local community dwellers, consequently, leading to poverty reduction in Ebonyi state local governments communities and that Ebonyi state local government system should increase the number of health centres in the local communities and step up their effort in the maintenance of primary schools in local communities to increase the income of community dwellers as well as reduce poverty. Finally, since the federal and state governments have been committing resources into poverty alleviation programmes, it is recommended that such resources should be released to the local governments and closely monitors the management of such resources with the view of bringing to book any one that mismanages or embezzles the resources

Digital Activism as Informal Accountability: Gen Z Protest Movement and Governance Legitimacy in Nigeria. (2020-2026)

Ezeanyanike Anurika — 2026-08-10

Digital activism has become an important avenue through which Nigerian youths, particularly Generation Z (Gen Z), demand accountability and participate in governance. Between 2020 and 2026, movements such as #EndSARS, the Obidient Movement, and #EndBadGovernance demonstrated how social media has evolved from a communication platform into a tool for exposing government shortcomings, mobilising citizens, and influencing public debate. This study investigates the relationship between Generation Z's digital political participation and perceived government accountability in Nigeria (2020–2026), anchored in Institutional Theory and Social Contract Theory. Using a mixed-methods sequential explanatory design, it combines structured surveys of Gen Z respondents with interviews of activists, civil society actors, and officials, alongside thematic analysis of key mobilization episodes. The study anticipates that digital participation drives short-term policy responsiveness but achieves limited durable institutional accountability due to structural exclusion. Findings will inform governance scholarship and policy on integrating informal digital accountability with formal frameworks.

Internal Colonialism and Crisis of Development in Nigeria: A Study of Niger Delta Area

Odoemenam Otitochukwu — 2026-08-10

This work focused basically on Internal Colonialism and Crisis of Development in Nigeria: A Study of the Niger Delta Area. The core objective of the study was to examine the extent to which internal colonialism by the Nigerian State led to under development situation in the Niger Delta Area. The study also examined those internal and external factors and forces that contributed to the stagnation and underdevelopment of the region. The secondary source of data collection which included; scholarly articles, textbooks, baseline data, journal publications and internet information were sourced for the study. The research proved that the Niger Delta Area is truly colonialized internally by the Nigerian state. We therefore recommended that the Nigerian state should withdraw their tentacles of oppression, exploitation, suppression, marginalization and colonialization of the Niger Delta Area and that true federalism that will encourage resource control and equal competition among the federating states should be allowed to operate in the country.

Mobile Banking and Its Effect On Financial Inclusion in The North, South-West, And South-South Geo-Political Zones, Nigeria.

Iregbu Odinaka — 2026-08-10

This study examines the management and impact of mobile banking transactions in the Nigerian banking industry. A mixed-methods convergent parallel design was adopted. The study is anchored on the Technology Acceptance Model [TAM] and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology [UTAUT], supported by Diffusion of Innovation Theory [DOI] to explain adoption patterns across regions. The findings of this study shows that mobile banking adoption in Nigeria remains uneven. Secondly, adoption is driven more by usefulness and infrastructure than by social pressure. Perceived usefulness and facilitating conditions emerged as the strongest predictors of mobile banking use. Thirdly, mobile banking improves access and usage but has limited impact on the depth of financial inclusion. However, access to credit remains low, and income and education continue to be strong determinants of inclusion. Mobile banking reduces transaction costs and distance barriers, but it does not eliminate structural barriers to financial services. We hereby recommend that for mobile banking to move beyond payments and deepen financial inclusion, interventions must address both supply-side infrastructure and demand-side capability. Policy should focus on network reliability and agent support, while providers should focus on trust, usability, and product design. Technology alone is not sufficient without enabling conditions.

Absence of Strict Gate-keeping in the New media: Implication in Fighting Corruption in Nigeria

Chigozie Udeze — 2026-08-10

This academic work makes an inroad into the place of the new media as part and parcel of today’s information society to examine if it is making some noticeable impact in the societal war against corruption. The new media which has become significant in effecting change and transforming lives all around the world seems to be emerging as a highly powerful developmental tool used across generations for several purposes including to fight against corruption. This paper therefore through its analytical and descriptive approach buttresses the argument that the new media have inherent potentials of easier accessibility in reporting corruption which may likely suffer some setback in the traditional settings as a result of institutionalized gate-keeping and stringent censorship. Through literature review and theoretical perspective, the paper acknowledges that the traditional mass media, due to their inherent ties with government ownership and control, institutionalized gate-keeping practices via editors and editing, various economic and political forces in the society, are somewhat incapacitated from rising above board in challenge of reporting corruption more effectively. The paper goes further to assert that the new media has offered a viable alternative, arguing that social media tools have what it takes through serving as a platform for the citizenry to point out loopholes that may make the system vulnerable to corruption. Nevertheless, given their perceived anonymous nature and free internet access and easy ownership of information platforms, the new media have established a portion for itself even though it still battles with some credibility challenges because of its unfettered access even to the goon for all kinds of narratives that could hinder its effective use in the anti-corruption fight and could as well pose the risk of malicious slander of character of innocent people.

The Economics of Public Administration in Nigeria: Institutional Bottlenecks, Fiscal Resource Allocation, and Growth Trajectories

Eniola Opaleke — 2026-08-10

This paper examines the economics of public administration in Nigeria, with particular emphasis on institutional bottlenecks, fiscal resource allocation, bureaucratic efficiency, and their implications for economic growth. The analysis is anchored on Public Choice Theory, New Institutional Economics, and New Public Management, which collectively provide insights into rent-seeking behaviour, transaction costs, bureaucratic incentives, institutional quality, and performance-oriented public-sector management. The paper argues that the effectiveness of public administration depends not only on the volume of fiscal resources available but also on the institutional mechanisms governing their allocation, implementation, monitoring, and accountability. Key challenges identified include the high cost of governance, excessive recurrent expenditure, weak fiscal federalism, inefficient public procurement, overlapping government agencies, administrative delays, and inadequate performance accountability. These institutional constraints contribute to fiscal deficits, rising public debt, reduced infrastructure investment, weak private-sector incentives, and lower economy-wide productivity. The paper recommends the structural rationalization of government agencies, strengthened fiscal responsibility, performance-based budgeting, digitalization of public administration, improved public procurement systems, and stronger incentives for sub-national governments to enhance internally generated revenue. It concludes that improving the economic efficiency of public administration is essential for enhancing public-sector productivity, promoting fiscal sustainability, stimulating investment, and supporting Nigeria’s long-term economic growth trajectory.

Curbing Corruption Via Media Advocacy On Gender Equality: The Shattering of Glass Ceiling by Female Chief Executives in Institutions of Higher Learning in Anambra State

Udeze Chigozie — 2026-08-10

The highest positions of authority in our public and private sectors have appeared to be exclusive reserves for men whom by their actions and inactions continued to abuse those self-serving privileges. The women folk have been historically suppressed by the male counterpart through adoption and enthronement of hegemonic masculinity and placing of glass ceiling policies and practices that do not allow women to grow to the apex of administrative and leadership careers of their chosen profession. Though some of such policies are self-inflicted due to cultural ideologies and mere ignorance, it therefore becomes imperative for the media to step into the gap through it advocacies to redress these perceived imbalance and subjugation of the women folk. It is quite glaring that some of these policies and practices are culturally initiated to checkmate women against measuring their attributes and achievements alongside the male folk. It is however very inimical to continue such even when liberation of women will attract positive impact to the entire society. This particular suppression by the male folk appears to support corruption through calculated exclusion of women from positions of authority. This work therefore seeks to support the media position of using advocacy to fight against women suppression through the attributes of placing a glass ceiling that stops women attaining the peak of their career growth. Having seen some women break such glass ceiling and appear to have conducted their emergence as chief executives creates room for the media to do more to enthrone women

Human Resource Planning of Law Academics and Job Performance in Tertiary Institutions in Rivers State

Okpara Ogworoka — 2026-08-10

The paper examined human resources planning of law academics and job performance in tertiary institutions in Rivers State. It adopted the qualitative approach in which academic materials were sought from the journals, internet, books and other materials. It based its discussion on three dimensions of human resources planning including manpower planning, professional ethics and pedagogy skills of law academics which indicates a sine-qua-non to law academics’ job performance in tertiary institutions in Rivers State. The paper adopted Knowledge Resource Strategy theory. It concluded that human resource management planning remains a veritable means of ensuring law academics perform in their roles through the effective implementation of manpower planning, pedagogy skills and professional ethics. The paper hinged that management has the responsibility of planning law teachers in order to ensure effective performance in their jobs. It is summed up that any half-way planned law academics would breed poor outcomes. The paper suggested that there is need for management to engage in intermittent training and retraining of law teachers in contemporary pedagogy skills, law teachers should imbibe professional ethics in their teaching, attitude and conducts and that Management should ensure adequate and prompt manpower planning of law teachers to encourage continuous job performance of law academics in tertiary institutions in River State.

Role Management and Job Performance of Administrative Staff in Technical and Vocational Education (TVET) In Rivers State

Onyekachi Nweke — 2026-08-10

The study investigated role Management and job performance of Technical and Vocational Education in Rivers State. The research design for the study was correlational which measured the relationship between the predictive variable of role management and criterion variable, job performance of administrative staff. A sample size of 250 was drawn from a population of 750 consisting of administrative staff in the offices of HODs, Deans, Bursar, directors and other principal officers in Technical and Vocational Education in Rivers State. The study used two sets of questionnaires directed at the two sets of respondents. Stratified sampling technique was adopted. The Technical and Vocational Education included relevant faculties of the Rivers State University, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Port Harcourt, Capt. Elechi Amadi Polytechnic, Port Harcourt, Ken Saro Wiwa Polytechnic, Bori and Rivers State College of Health Management Technology. The descriptive statistical of tool of mean and standard deviation was used in answering the research questions while Pearson Product Correlation Coefficient (PPMC) was used in testing the research hypotheses. The questionnaires were validated by an expert in Measurement and Evaluation. The reliability of the instrument was tested using the Crumbach Alpha (SPSS version 23) and obtained .971>.71 which showed that the instrument was highly reliable. The findings showed that the principle of unity command, job rotation, and delegated duty are significantly related to greater performance of admin staff in Technical and Vocational Education in Rivers State. The study recommended among others that administrators should endeavour to allocate roles to staff according to the staff competences, attitude, skills and job description.

Application of Information and Communication Technologies and Effective Teaching and Learning in Law Departments in Tertiary Institutions in Rivers State

Okpara Ogworoka — 2026-08-10

The paper discussed application of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and effective teaching and learning in law departments in Rivers State. It adopted a content analysis approach. The paper discussed application of ICTs in the dimensions of use of computers, social media and collaborative technologies in ensuring effective teaching and learning in law departments in tertiary institutions in Rivers State. It adopted the Katz Skills theory to press home the need for both law teachers and students to imbibe the ICT skills. The paper concluded that the use of ICTs in the areas of use of computers, social media adaptations and collaborative learning, would enhance effective teaching and learning in law departments in tertiary institutions in Rivers State. It suggested that Management of tertiary institutions in Rivers State should embark on the training and development of law teachers in the use of ICTs in teaching and learning of legal education, Law lecturers should embark on self-development in the area of application of ICTs in teaching and learning and that Management should make collaborative learning facilities and internet available to both lecturers and students in law departments in tertiary institutions in Rivers State