Acute phase reactant proteins, anthropometric and dyslipidaemic changes associated with type 2 diabetic mellitus among Nigerian population

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a serious metabolic disorder of multiple aetiology. This disorder is on the increase in some developing countries such as Nigeria. It is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from either defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both.
In some cases, the disease may be insidious until the patients develop complications. A total number of three hundred and seventy five individuals participated in this study out of which two hundred and twenty five were type 2 diabetic mellitus volunteers while one hundred and fifty served as control. Anthropometric measurements were taken using weighing balance, tape rule, and meter rule. C-reactive protein, fasting blood glucose, total protein, albumin and lipid profile were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Cobas chemistry auto analyzer respectively. There were a significant increase (p<0.05) in weight, body mass index (BMI) waist hip ratio, fasting blood sugar, C-reactive protein, total cholesterol, triglyceride, triglyceride/high density lipoprotein (TG/HDLC), low density lipoprotein/ high density lipoprotein (LDLC/HDLC) and TC/HDLC in type 2 diabetic mellitus patients when compared with the controls. On the other hand, albumin, albumin globulin ratio and HDLC were observed to be significantly (p<0.05) low in diabetic volunteers when compared with controls. There was a positive association (r = 0.66, p<0.05) between Creactive protein (CRP) and glucose whereas a negative association (r = -0.31, p<0.05) was observed between CRP and albumin among diabetic mellitus group. This study suggests that diabetes mellitus is associated with increased risk of inflammation and lipid dysfunction.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Acute phase reactants, Lipid profile, Blood sugar