Resistance of the predacious mite, <em>euseius kenyae</em> (acari: phytoseiidae) to chlorpyrifos (dursban^&reg;) in kenyan coffee farms

Abstract

This study was carried out to assess whether the predacious phytoseiid mite, Euseius kenyae (Swirski and Ragusa), commonly found in major  coffee growing regions in Kenya has developed resistance to Chlorpyrifos. Mite populations were collected from coffee farms harbouring E. kenyae and where Chlorpyrifos or other organophosphates were sprayed to manage the primary coffee insect pests. The mites collected were reared in mass in the laboratory for bioassays. The findings showed that under coffee agro-ecosystems, levels of resistance existed among the populations of E. kenyae after their exposure to Chlorpyrifos or other organophosphates. The population of E. kenyae from a coffee farm (C44) was most susceptible to Chlorpyrifos with LC₅₀ = 0.044 that was below the lowest concentration of 0.1875 ml per litre of water which was tested. The E. kenyae from coffee farms (C1, C4, C7, C37, C25 and C119) had  resistance ratios more than ten times that of C44. The coffee farms (C2, C12, C19, C116, C31, C50 and C72) had populations of E. kenyae  susceptible to Chlorpyrifos at concentration of 0.75 ml per litre of water which is the field recommended rate for control of insect pests in coffee. The population of E. kenyae from C7 was resistant to the highest field rate of 200% (1.5 ml per litre of water) with LC₅₀ of 1.716 and resistance ratio of 39 times. The existence of resistance populations of E. kenyae is an aspect that needs to be considered in the integrated pest control strategies against coffee insect pests.