Toxicity evaluation of single and multiple mixtures of some facial cosmetics on mud catfish (<i>Clarias Gariepinus</i>) fingerlings

Abstract

Astronomical discharge of facial cosmetic products into the aquatic environments exposes aquatic organisms to these pollutants. Eight  facial cosmetic products such as Milani Powder, Ponds Primer, Zikel Powder, Zaron concealer, Glam gal’s foundation, Maybelline  foundation, L.A Girl concealer and Milk of Magnesia were evaluated for relative acute toxicity (single and joint action) against Clarias  gariepinus in static laboratory bioassays. Single action toxicity data were statistically analysed based on Probit, while the Synergistic Ratio  and Concentration - Addition analysed joint action. Results of acute toxicity (single action) based on 96hrLC₅₀ values showed that Milani  Powder (184.14 mg/l) was the most toxic, followed by Ponds Primer (230.95 mg/l), Zikel powder (233.58 mg/l), Aaron concealer (384.47  mg/l), Glam Gals’ foundation (421.83 mg/l), Maybelline foundation (565.32 mg/l), L, A Girl concealer (587.75 mg/l) and Milk of Magnesia  (2218 mg/l) in descending order of toxicity. Joint action toxicity evaluation of the binary, trinary and quaternary mixtures subjected to the  Synergistic Ratio and Concentration showed that binary mixtures tended towards synergism and antagonism in varied ratios and  combinations. The ratio of toxicity units for all mixtures interaction tended to synergism and could be dangerous to the biota. Therefore,  strict regulation standards should be enforced to protect the environment and make eco-friendly alternative ingredients that can be  incorporated into these products.