https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/issue/feedJournal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management2024-03-10T08:30:18+00:00Prof. Michael Horsfall Jnrmichael.horsfall@uniport.edu.ngOpen Journal Systems<p>The <a href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem"><em>Journal of Applied Sciences & Environmental Management</em></a> (<a href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem">JASEM</a>) is a Peer Reviewed, Open Access, International Journal established by the Joint Coordination Centre of the World Bank assisted National Agricultural Research Programme (NARP) domicile in the Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria in April 1998. The World Bank project terminated in 2001, however, JASEM lives on and is currently managed by Prof. Michael Horsfall Jnr in the Department of Chemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria.</p> <p>Other websites related to this journal: <a title="http://www.uniport.edu.ng/publications/journals/jasem" href="http://www.uniport.edu.ng/publications/journals/jasem" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://www.uniport.edu.ng/publications/journals/jasem</a> and <a title="http://www.bioline.org.br/ja" href="http://www.bioline.org.br/ja" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://www.bioline.org.br/ja</a></p>https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/265331Source Apportionment and Health Risk of Some Organic Contaminants in Water and Suspended Particulate Matter from Imo River, Nigeria2024-02-20T12:17:58+00:00P. J. Nnaoriekingsley81@gmail.comK. J. Orieoriekingsley81@gmail.comN. A. S. Kaluoriekingsley81@gmail.com<p>The objective of this study was to provide the source identification and assessment of potential health associated with some organic contaminant detected in water and suspended particle matter (SPM) from the Imo River, Nigeria using gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC/FID) after 1:1 ratio solvent mixture (n-hexane and dichloromethane) extraction. The findings on SPM revealed the values; pH (5.42±0.097-5.567±0.057), conductivity (74.58±5.390-87.6±0.9 uS/cm), and total organic carbon (TOC) (3.626±0.366-6.143±0.176), and surface water; pH (6.077±0.049-6.46±0.52), conductivity (49.03±1.430- 58.12±0.553 uS/cm). The total concentrations of both low and high molecular PAHs in SPM recorded at stations1-3 were 4.384 mg/kg, 16.87 mg/kg, and (22.69 mg/kg); surface water 2.329 mg/L, 7.428 mg/L and 6.657 mg/L. The source apportionment of PAHs in SPM and surface water via molecular diagnostic ratios identified both petrogenic source (crude oil, petroleum spillages, and seepages) and pyrogenic sources (combustion of grass, wood, coal, and gas flaring). A further analysis with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed two principal components, with 65.568% for component 1 and 34.432% for component 2 for SPM, and 62.80% for principal components and 37.2% for principal component 2 for surface water. The correlation analysis of PAHs affirmed common sources such as petrogenic and pyrogenic origins. The toxic equivalent factor of total benzo(a)pyrene for 6 <strong>∑</strong>PAHs in SPM was recorded as 3.693 mg/kg, 1.605 mg/kg, and 0.453 mg/kg; surface water was recorded as 0.823 mg/L, 1.858 mg/L, and 0.353 mg/L, while the mutagenic equivalency quantities of SPM were recorded as 3.693mg/kg, 1.146 mg/kg, and 0.316 mg/kg; surface water 0.739 mg/L, 0.938, and 0.577 for stations 1-3. The effect of carcinogenic PAHs in SPM was higher in adults than in children, with regards to ILCR analysis. Users of Imo Rivers should be guided on the exposure of SPM and surface water since the toxic, mutagenic, and cancer risk levels of the river are above the permissible limit in some stations.</p>2024-02-25T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/265430Impact of Crude Oil Polluted Soil on Seedling Morphological Characteristics and Biomass Accumulation of Monodora myristica (African Nutmeg)2024-02-22T08:47:02+00:00C. Fredrickcharity.fredrick@uniport.edu.ngU. D. Chimacharity.fredrick@uniport.edu.ngA. Alexcharity.fredrick@uniport.edu.ngP. C. Okwusikecharity.fredrick@uniport.edu.ng<p>This study was designed to investigate the effect of crude oil polluted soil on the morphological characteristics and biomass accumulation of <em>Monodora myristica</em> seedling. The study was carried out in the forest nursery of the Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria using standard field experimental methods. Significant variations (P ≤ 0.05) were observed in seedling height and biomass while number of leaves and collar diameter displayed no significant differences (P > 0.05) between treatments. The result shows that <em>M. myristica</em> seedlings are not tolerant to crude oil pollution. The trend in growth parameters measured showed that increased level of crude oil reduced growth. It is recommended that <em>M. myristica</em> seedlings should not be raised in crude oil polluted soils or be used in crude oil pollution remediation programmes due to its poor growth performance.</p>2024-02-25T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/265431Concentration and Health Risk of Heavy Metals in Herbs from Electronic Waste Disposal Site in Lagos State, Nigeria 2024-02-22T08:55:27+00:00N. C. Orjinenyenna@gmail.com<p>Considering that about 80 % of the world population uses herbs for the treatment of illnesses and the contamination that is prevalent at electronic waste (e-waste) disposal sites, this study evaluated the concentrations of heavy metals and health risks in the use and consumption of <em>Rhynchospora corymbosa, Pentodon pentandrus</em> and <em>Cyclosorus dentatus</em>, herbs commonly found in electronic waste disposal site in Lagos State, Nigeria using appropriate standard methods. The mean concentrations of the heavy metals in the plant were: 100.78±0.91, 0.16±0.02, 25.68±0.44, 258.94±1.62, and 8.51±0.04 mg/kg for Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu and Cr, respectively. <em>Pentodon pentandrus</em> had the highest Pb, Cu and Ni concentrations, <em>Cyclosorus dentatus</em> had the highest Cd concentration while <em>Rhynchospora corymbosa</em> recorded the highest concentration of Cr. The bio-accumulation factor of Cu in <em>Pentodon pentandrus</em> and in <em>Rhynchospora corymbosa</em> and of Cr in <em>Rhynchospora corymbosa</em> were higher than 1. The estimated daily intake of Pb and Ni in <em>Pentodon pentandrus</em>, <em>Cyclosorus dentatus</em> and <em>Rhynchospora corymbosa</em> exceeded the Provisional Maximum Tolerable Intake, indicating an intolerable risk to the consumers’ health. The hazard index of each of the plants indicates that the cumulative health effects of the heavy metals would cause potential health hazards to the consumers. This useful information gives an accurate indication of the levels of contamination of the plants and the potential health risk effects of the consumption of these herbs from the dumpsite.</p>2024-02-25T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/265432Compositional Analysis of Complementary Foods Given by Mothers to Children Aged 6-23 Months in Giginyu Nassarawa Local Government Area, Kano State, Nigeria2024-02-22T09:00:13+00:00D. I. Anaemenedanaemene@bellsuniversity.edu.ngM. A. Mohammeddanaemene@bellsuniversity.edu.ngR. A. Onidanaemene@bellsuniversity.edu.ng<p>Under nutrition among young children is high and poor complementary foods have been implicated. The objective of this study was to investigate compositional analysis of complementary foods given by mothers to children aged 6-23 months in Giginyu Nassarawa Local Government Area, Kano State, Nigeria using appropriate standard methods and compare with a commercial complementary food (control). Energy density was designated low if < 0.8 kcal and contribution of meals to daily requirements (RDA) of protein, calcium and zinc for young children determined. The moisture, protein, ash, energy density, calcium, zinc, and phytate contents of the complementary meals (100g wet basis) ranged from 64.32-83.7%, 0.74-6.29%, 0.04-1.41%, 0.37-1.17 kcal/ml, 0.82-27.00 mg/100g, 0.022-0.277mg/100g and 0.05-1.68%, respectively. The soybean based meal, ‘SB’ was significantly higher (p<0.01) than other meals including the control, in protein, ash, energy, calcium, zinc and phytate contents. All other meals met above 50% of the RDA for protein except CMS1 (33%), SMMG (42.1%), PS (19.7%) and MSMP (32.8%). Except SB and CMS2 that contributed above 20-37% of RDA for calcium and zinc, the rest of the complementary meals were very low in calcium and zinc content.The moisture contents of common complementary meals offered to older infants in Giginyu LGA, Kano State are quite high which affected the energy density of the meals. Except for pap/sugar and custard based meals, the meals had appreciable levels of protein contents. However, there was low calcium and zinc (micronutrients) contents of most of the meals with about 400 mls daily consumption.</p>2024-02-25T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/265434Impact of Variable Thermal Conductivity and Viscosity on Powell-Eyring Fluid in the Presence Of Thermal Radiation through a Porous Medium2024-02-22T09:07:00+00:00S. A. Idowusabiq.idowu@ymail.comM. A. Usmansabiq.idowu@ymail.comB. A. Petersabiq.idowu@ymail.comF. A. Hammedsabiq.idowu@ymail.com<p>This work uses a mathematical model to investigate the impact of physical factors on the non-isothermal flow of Powell-Eyring fluid with variations in thermal conductivity and viscosity through a porous medium. The governing equations defining the flow, mass, and energy transfer issue are converted into nonlinear ordinary differential equations via selected transformation variables, and the resultant problem is numerically solved using the Galerkin weighted residual technique. This approach is implemented with Maple 18 program. The examination of the findings revealed that the radiation parameter, variations of thermal conductivity, and viscosity characteristics had a substantial impact on the flow system. This presentation includes a visual picture and explanation of how different physical characteristics affect the flow system.</p>2024-02-25T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/265436Assessment of Flexural Strengths and Flexural Load Bearing Capacity of Bamboo Grids-Reinforced Soil Beam2024-02-22T09:14:56+00:00M. E. OnyiaSolomon.ole.pg80762@unn.edu.ngS. O. OleSolomon.ole.pg80762@unn.edu.ng<p>Soil improvement techniques have become a major solution to soil related problems. Thus, this paper aims to determine the flexural strengths and flexural load bearing capacity of bamboo grids-reinforced soil beam using standard methods and experiments at 7 days, 14 days, 21 days and, 28 days curing ages. The findings of this study showed that the mean flexural strength of uniaxial bamboo grid reinforced soil beam gave 3.50 N/mm² while flexural strength of biaxial bamboo grid reinforced soil beam gave 3.86 N/mm². The result indicates that biaxial bamboo reinforced soil beam has the tendency to maximize the flexural load bearing capacity of soil beams when compared with the use of uniaxial bamboo grid orientation technique. This paper, therefore, recommends that flexural strength and flexural load bearing capacity of inorganic clays of low to medium plasticity should be improved using biaxial grid type of bamboo grid orientation technique.</p>2024-02-25T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/266172Evaluation and Optimization of Proximate Composition, Farinographical, Extensographical and Sensory Properties of Sausage Rolls Made from Wheat-Breadfruit Flour Composite2024-02-29T12:26:07+00:00T. O. Olurintoolurin@bellsuniversity.edu.ngO. A. B. Ogunmoyelatoolurin@bellsuniversity.edu.ngS. I. Okuofutoolurin@bellsuniversity.edu.ngO. Ajiboyetoolurin@bellsuniversity.edu.ng<p>Flour forms the skeleton that supports the other ingredients in a baked products such as bread, cakes, and pastries. Both the physical and chemical characteristics of flours affect their quality and the subsequent products from them. Hence, this paper evaluates the proximate composition, farinographical and extensographical properties and sensory evaluation of sausage rolls made from wheat-breadfruit flour composite using standard methods. Breadfruit substitutions decreased the protein contents while ash, crude fibre and moisture contents increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) in the blends. Likewise, the pasting properties and sensory evaluation showed that BF substitution up to 25 % resulted in the dough and a sausage rolls that were similar to 100 % wheat dough and sausages. Further optimisation of the baking parameters showed that 25 % bf substituted flour could be baked at (160 -190 <sup>o</sup>C) for 20 – 29 min to produce a highly acceptable sausage roll. These results of the study showed the possibility of replacing wheat flour with breadfruit flour in the production of good quality sausage rolls.</p>2024-02-28T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/265439Evaluation of Equivalent Noise Levels across Some Commercial Areas of Warri and Benin Metropolis in Nigeria2024-02-22T09:38:41+00:00A. F. Akpolileanita.franklin@yahoo.comA. C. Tobianita.franklin@yahoo.comF. E. Abdulanita.franklin@yahoo.com<p>Globalisation has given rise to an increase in the amount of noise generated around us, such that man has adjusted to this increment without considering the possible risks associated with it. This study aims to measure the equivalent noise level in eighteen (18) locations in some commercial areas of Warri and Benin Metropolis in Nigeria using a noise level metre (Model: CEL-231). The assessment was done twice daily, during the day and at night. The results obtained revealed that the daytime equivalent noise level of both cities ranged from 48–68, 78–102 dBA for minimum and maximum noise levels, while the nighttime equivalent noise level ranged from 39–59, 59–83 dBA for minimum and maximum levels, respectively. It was observed that the daytime noise level values in some locations for both cities were higher than the nighttime values and also higher than the recommended standard noise quality description for daytime and nighttime duration as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and some existing literature in Nigeria and across the globe. The reason for this noise level elevation is due to the activities of automobiles and tricycles plying the road incessantly, and again, these are major industrial cities with a lot of activities during the daytime. However, it can be recommended that those whose daily activities confine them to areas with unhealthy noise levels ensure at least 10 hours of recovery time in areas where the sound level is less than 65 dBA and also encourage the planting of trees in this vicinity</p>2024-02-25T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/265440A Critical Review of Green Approach on Wastewater Treatment Strategies2024-02-22T09:47:31+00:00J. T. Mathewjohntsadom@gmail.comA. Inobemejohntsadom@gmail.comM. Musahjohntsadom@gmail.comY. Azehjohntsadom@gmail.comA. Abdullahijohntsadom@gmail.comE. Y. Shabajohntsadom@gmail.comA. M. Salihujohntsadom@gmail.comE. B. Muhammadjohntsadom@gmail.comJ. G. Josiahjohntsadom@gmail.comN. A. Jibrinjohntsadom@gmail.comH. Ismailjohntsadom@gmail.comA. I. Muhammadjohntsadom@gmail.comJ. Mauricejohntsadom@gmail.comA. Mammanjohntsadom@gmail.comM. M. Ndamitsojohntsadom@gmail.com<p>Green approach on wastewater treatment strategies aims to promote sustainable and environmentally friendly methods for treating wastewater while also reducing the environmental impact of traditional wastewater treatment processes. Hence, the objective of this paper was to undertake a critical review of green approach on wastewater treatment strategies using standard techniques of harvesting data from secondary sources from 2015 to 2023. Information obtained reveals that energy-efficient treatment technologies, such as anaerobic digestion and membrane bioreactors, use less energy than traditional treatment technologies. Treating wastewater for reuse can reduce the demand for freshwater resources and the energy required for water treatment. Onsite wastewater treatment systems, such as septic systems and composting toilets, can reduce the amount of wastewater that needs to be transported and treated at centralized facilities. Incorporating green infrastructure, such as rain gardens and permeable pavement, into urban areas can help reduce the amount of stormwater runoff that enters the wastewater treatment system. Extracting nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, from wastewater can be used as a fertilizer for crops, reducing the need for synthetic fertilizers. Overall, these green wastewater treatment strategies aim to reduce the energy consumption, chemical usage, and environmental impact of traditional wastewater treatment processes, while promoting sustainable and efficient use of resources.</p>2024-02-25T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/265443Inhibition of Acid Descaling and Pickling Effects on API 5CT Carbon Steel Using Schiff Base Ligand (C24H21N5O2) in 1 M H2SO4 Solution 2024-02-22T10:14:19+00:00B. U. Ugiugibenedict@gmail.com<p>The objective of this paper was to investigate the inhibition of acid descaling and pickling effects on API 5CT carbon steel using Schiff base ligand (C<sub>24</sub>H<sub>21</sub>N<sub>5</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) in 1 M H2SO4 solution using Potentiodynamic Polarization (PDP), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Weight Loss (WL) techniques. FTIR spectroscopy shows that there was a strong adsorption of SFBL on the carbon steel surface due to formation of a complex surface film. Corrosion rate of carbon steel decreased exceedingly from 0.0155 to 0.0002 while inhibition efficiency of SFBL rose from 78.8 % to 98.9 % between 20 ppm and 100 ppm respectively. PDP measurements revealed a mixed type inhibitor. EIS measurement reveals that the increasing charge transfer resistance was directly proportional to the increase inhibitor concentration and the double layer capacitance dropped from 1.98 to 0.61 indicating a stronger inhibition.</p>2024-02-25T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/265447Modeling the Mathematical Transmission of a Pneumonia Epidemic Model with Awareness2024-02-22T10:51:23+00:00I. A. Olopadeisaac.olopade@fuwukari.edu.ngE. I. Akinolaisaac.olopade@fuwukari.edu.ngM. E. Philemonisaac.olopade@fuwukari.edu.ngI. T. Mohammedisaac.olopade@fuwukari.edu.ngS. O. Ajaoisaac.olopade@fuwukari.edu.ngS. O. Sangoniyiisaac.olopade@fuwukari.edu.ngG. A. Adeniranisaac.olopade@fuwukari.edu.ng<p>A new model for the transmission of a pneumonia epidemic, considering awareness and a mass action incidence function, is presented. Stability analyses for disease-free and endemic equilibrium points are conducted. The Basic Reproduction Number (R<sub>o</sub>) for pneumonia with awareness is defined and analyzed, showing stability when (R<sub>o</sub> < 1) and transitioning to an endemic state when (R<sub>o</sub> > 1) . Additionally, a special case is highlighted where the Basic Reproduction Number (R<sub>o</sub><sup>*</sup>) (without awareness) is greater than (R<sub>o</sub>). Basic Reproduction Number with awareness, i.e. (R<sub>o</sub><sup>*</sup> = 1.0965 > R<sub>o</sub> = 0.8772). Furthermore, a numerical simulation is provided to depict how awareness influences the dynamic management of the disease. The results underscore the crucial role of awareness in educating the public about infection risks, ultimately contributing to a decrease in the health burden by mitigating the epidemic peak.</p>2024-02-25T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/265448Comparative Effects of Potassium Iodate and SAAF-Fungicide on the Control of Fusarium Wilt (Fusarium oxysporum) And the Yield of Pepper (Capsicum spp. L.)2024-02-22T11:26:17+00:00O. O. Oyelakinoyelakinoo@funaab.edu.ngS. A. Ganiyuoyelakinoo@funaab.edu.ngA. R. Oloyedeoyelakinoo@funaab.edu.ngA. R. Popoolaoyelakinoo@funaab.edu.ng<p>SAAF Fungicide is a systemic and contact fungicide that is used to prevent leaf spot, blast disease, rust disease, and other types of fungi pests in all kinds of crops, especially on vegetable plant. Hence, the objective of <em>this paper as to compare the effects of Potassium Iodate and SAAF-fungicide on the control of Fusarium Wilt (Fusarium oxysporum</em>) and the Yield of Pepper (Capsicum spp L.) using appropriate standard methods. Agronomic data such as number of leaves, plant height and flowers was collected. Disease incidence and severity as well as yield were measured and analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Among all the treatment, Gulpinar F1 with KIO<sub>3</sub> has the highest height and number of leaves across the experiment while negative control has the least height and number of leaves. De cayenne with SAAF has the highest yield of pepper harvested followed by Gulpinar F1 with KIO<sub>3</sub>, the negative control has the highest disease infection and severity, there are very mild infection on the treated plots. The two treatments have positive effect on the growth, disease control and yield of pepper. The highest pepper yield was achieved from SAAF treated sample.</p>2024-02-25T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/265449Investigation of the Morpho-Anatomical and Epidermal Properties of Commelina erecta L.2024-02-22T11:34:38+00:00C. Wahuachika.wahua@uniport.edu.ngR. B. Peterchika.wahua@uniport.edu.ng<p>In traditional medicine, <em>Commelina erecta</em> L. has been used as antiviral, for the treatment of hemorrhages, skin rashes and sores, and for the treatment of infections. It is also used as a wild edible plant in salads, preserves or decorating the dishes. Hence, the objective of this paper was to investigate the morpho-anatomical and epidermal properties of <em>Commelina erecta</em> L of Commelinaceae using appropriate standard methods. Results revealed <em>C. erecta </em>as a Broadleaf and vivacious branching up to 20 to 55 cm in length as it trails and roots at nodes, having leaves which are elliptical, oval to lanceolate and sub sessile about 2.5 ± 0.5 cm long and 1.5 ± 0.5 cm wide; the leaf sheath is closed and united at base. The stomata are anomocytic, tetracytic and paracytic stomata with pentagonal to heptagonal epidermal cells and trichomes (piloses) including glandular trichomes which are amphistomatic. Anatomical sections showcased root pith, vascular bundles scattered and concentrated towards the ground tissues. These information would assist for further delimitation of the species.</p>2024-02-25T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/265450Mechanical Strength, Characterization and Suitability of Cement-Plastic Concrete Admixture 2024-02-22T11:40:23+00:00S. A. Abubakarakpenpuun.td@unilorin.edu.ngA. O. Hamzatakpenpuun.td@unilorin.edu.ngT. D. Akpenpuunakpenpuun.td@unilorin.edu.ng<p>A significant increment in the consumption of plastic has been monitored globally in recent years, which has led to a high amount of plastic waste. Given its benefits on both an economic and ecological level, recycling plastic waste to create new materials like concrete is considered to be one of the finest ways to get rid of plastic waste. The objective of this paper was to examine the workability, durability, and mechanical strength of concrete with partial replacement of coarse aggregates with plastic waste using standard procedure. The percentages of plastic waste used to replace coarse aggregate were 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%. Lastly, the mechanical characteristics of the concrete mix specimens was determined by testing them using a testometric and compressor machine. The specimens are then compared with the conventional mix. The test results demonstrated that the compressive strength exhibited a decreasing trend. For mixes ranging from 0% to 15%, the compressive strength varies from 35.66 to 17.88 N/mm2, however the flexural strength significantly decreases when 15% of the coarse aggregate is replaced with plastic waste. It can be concluded that reusing plastic waste as an aggregate during the concrete-making process reduces waste and conserves resources.</p>2024-02-25T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/265452Optimization of Selected Squeeze Casting Parameters on the Mechanical Behaviour of Aluminium Alloy2024-02-22T12:01:17+00:00E. V. Ojarighoeojarigho@biu.ngJ. A. Akpobieojarigho@biu.ngE. Evokeeojarigho@biu.ng<p>Aluminum alloy have versatile applications and can be produced via a cost-effective squeeze casting technique. Existing literature has revealed that squeeze casting enhances the mechanical properties of cast products and has the advantage of producing products almost without porosity. However, squeeze casting is faced with some challenges including extrusion segregations, centerline segregation, and oxide inclusion, porosity, blistering, under fill, sticking, hot tearing, case debonding, and shrinkages. In view of minimizing these defects, casting should be done applying optimal parameters that will yield the desired result. The present study focused on the optimization of squeeze parameters of squeeze pressure, pressure duration, pouring temperature, initial die temperature in the production of the aluminium alloy (Al-12%Si). Evaluated responses are yield strength and ultimate tensile strength. The results showed that the process parameters had statistical significance on all properties at 95 % confidence level. Combined interactions of these parameters also presented significant effects on the property responses. Optimum setting for process factors as regards yield strength and ultimate tensile strength were evaluated 150MPa, 15seconds, 700<sup>o</sup>C and150<sup>o</sup>C for squeeze pressure, pressure duration, pouring temperature and initial die temperature respectively. The results obtained for the three responses which are yield strength and ultimate tensile strength, were 302.86MPa and 347.72MPa respectively.</p>2024-02-25T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/265454Evaluation of Probiotic Quality of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Locally Fermented Palm Wine and Kunu from Sellers in Oluku and Oba Markets in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria2024-02-22T12:06:31+00:00O. O. Amengialuenuclearbrain2003@yahoo.comF. A. Igiebornuclearbrain2003@yahoo.comP. A. Egarevbanuclearbrain2003@yahoo.comB. O. Omoregienuclearbrain2003@yahoo.comJ. O. Oparanuclearbrain2003@yahoo.com<p>Commonly used probiotics bacteria are the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from the gastro intestinal tract. However, other LAB from exogenous origin having similar functional properties can also confer health benefit to the host. The objective of this work is to evaluate the probiotic quality of lactic acid bacteria isolated from locally fermented palm wine and kunu from sellers in Oluku and Oba markets in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria using standard microbiological methods. <em>Lactobacillus </em><em>fermentum, </em><em>Lactobacillus plantarum, </em><em>Lactobacillus acidophilus </em>and <em>Lactobacillus casei</em> were isolated from palm wine and kunu, and they were assessed for the following: resistance to simulated gastric and intestinal fluids, resistance to bile salt and low pH, haemolytic activity and their antimicrobial characteristic against some bacteria pathogens, mainly; <em>Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa </em>and<em> Escherichia coli. </em>Results showed resistance/tolerance and cell viability of all LAB isolates to simulated gastric and intestinal fluids, and low pH resistance of all isolates were negative at pH 2 but positive with viable cell growth at pH 3. The <em>L. </em><em>fermentum, </em><em>L. plantarum, </em>and <em>L. acidophilus</em> were not haemolytic while <em>L. casei </em>was haemolytic (alpha haemolysis). The LAB isolates were more resistance to bile salt (with viable cell growth) at 0.1% and 0.3% concentration compared to 0.5% concentration. Antibacterial activity testing showed that <em>L. acidophilus </em>and<em> L. casei</em> had antibacterial property against <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>, while<em> L. plantarum </em>and <em>L. fermentum</em> had antibacterial property against<em> Staphylococcus aureus </em>and <em>Klebsiella pneumonia </em>respectively. While all lactic acid bacteria (<em>Lactobacillus </em>species) isolated from the locally fermented food/product samples demonstrated strong probiotic characteristic properties, further <em>in-vivo</em> study to establish their probiotic potential is recommended.</p>2024-02-25T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/265460Assessment of Naturally Occurring Radionuclides and Heavy Metals Level and Health Risks in Commonly Consumed African catfish, White Catfish and Nile Tilapia Fish Species from Epe Waterside Region of Lagos, Nigeria 2024-02-22T12:15:17+00:00T. O. Olurintoolurin@bellsuniversity.edu.ng<p>Elevated levels of radionuclides and toxic metals in water can potentially influence the growth of fish during their mature stages, posing a risk of human exposure through the consumption of contaminated fish. This investigation assessed the levels of health risk of naturally occurring radionuclides and heavy metals in commonly consumed African catfish, White catfish and Nile tilapia fish species in the Epe Waterside region of Lagos, Nigeria, using a sodium iodide detector and an atomic absorption spectrometer. The activity concentrations (Bq/kg) of <sup>40</sup>K (29.1±21.0-823.5±18.2) were higher than <sup>226</sup>Ra (27.1±87.8-202.7±50.3) and <sup>232</sup>Th (52.9±7.4-600.2±7.0), with mean values exceeding the permissible limits set by WHO. The mean committed effective dose rate is above the 50 mSv recommended by ICRP. The mean annual intake and cancer risks for people who consume fish on a weekly basis (nutrition statistics for seven, five, three, and one day per week) were relatively high, surpassing the permissible limit of 1.0×10-6 as recommended by WHO. The concentrations of heavy metals (Zn: 0.026-1.344, Cu: 0.008-0.055, and Cd: 0.048-0.250 mg/kg) exhibited mean values that fell within the acceptable limits defined by FAO/WHO, with the exception of Pb, which recorded a higher concentration ranging from 2.51 to 3.39 mg/kg. The fish's natural habitats (lagoon) have been contaminated by toxins, likely originating from industries, waste disposal activities, agrochemicals, rusty pipes, and other fittings. Encouraging the cultivation of fishes in domesticated ponds around the study area can reduce the risk of consuming contaminated fish and other seafood.</p>2024-02-25T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/265461Artificial Neural Network-Based Tool Wear Prediction in Turning AISI 1040 Medium Carbon Steel Blanks2024-02-22T12:19:33+00:00B. I. Ntukidemntukidembenson55@gmail.comJ. I. Achebontukidembenson55@gmail.comA. Ozigagunntukidembenson55@gmail.comF. O. Uwoghirenntukidembenson55@gmail.comK. O. Obahiagbonntukidembenson55@gmail.com<p>The objective of this paper was to investigate the Cutting Speed, Feed Rate and Depth of Cut to predict Tool wear during Turning of AISI 1040 Medium Carbon Steel Blanks using Artificial Neural Network Approach. The significance of the cutting parameters was investigated using the Analysis of Variance and results revealed the feed rate as the most influential factor, followed by the interaction of cutting speed and depth of cut. The Artificial Neural Network model exhibited notable correlation coefficients (R) in training (0.81301), validation (0.99932), and test (0.99922) datasets, with an overall coefficient of 0.86662, affirming the model's efficacy in predicting tool wear. The minimum predicted tool wear (0.1007mm) was observed at a 0.50mm depth of cut, cutting speed of 200m/min, and feed rate of 0.15mm/rev, demonstrating a close alignment with the observed data. The ANN predictions effectively capture the intricate relationship between tool wear and process parameters, substantiated by high correlation coefficients.</p>2024-02-25T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/265463Single and Combined Aluminium and Cadmium Exposure during Pregnancy Mediate Changes in Cardio Metabolic Indices in Mice2024-02-22T12:26:39+00:00O. P. Onavwosepcichipi-ifukor@delsu.edu.ngP. C. Ichipi-Ifukorpcichipi-ifukor@delsu.edu.ngS. O. Asagbapcichipi-ifukor@delsu.edu.ng<p>The potential risk of Aluminium and Cadmium co-exposure is high owing to evidence of their co-contamination of several food products. Therefore, the present study investigated effect of single and combined exposures of aluminium and cadmium during pregnancy on cardio metabolic changes in mice. Following delivery and at the end of 78 days postnatal development, it was observed that exposure to Al and Cd during pregnancy altered indices of cardiac function via pathways related to angiotensin, cardiac troponin and oxidative stress signalling which may have impacted directly on the histoarchitectural features of the heart. Comparatively, prenatal exposure to Cd alone impacted more negatively to the heart in relation to exposure to either Al only or co-exposure to Al and Cd.</p>2024-02-25T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/265466Phytotoxicity Assay of Cu, Pb and Zn on Launaea cornuta and Sporobolus jacquemontii Grown in Heavy Metal contaminated soil2024-02-22T12:34:13+00:00S. K. Mkumbomkumbostalin@gmail.com<p>In this paper, a phytotoxicity assay is used to assess the harmfulness and tolerance of <em>L. cornuta</em> and <em>S. jacquemontii</em> in phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils. The effects of Pb, Cu, and Zn concentrations in the soil on the number of leaves generated, root and shoot growth, and tolerance indices of the investigated plant species were analyzed. The experimental plants were grown in soil with 0, 100, 300, 600, 1500, 2000, 2500, and 3000 mg/kg dry soil weight (DW for Pb, Cu, and Zn). Sample preparation and laboratory analysis followed the standard methods. Data were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using GraphPad Instat 3.1 software. The growth mean of different treatments was compared using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at p < 0.05. Plants grown in soil containing more than 300/kg DW metal contents exhibited a significant effect on the growth of the root and shoot. Concentrations lower than 300 did not show any significant effects. At 1500 mg/kgDW, the numbers and sizes of leaves decreased very significantly, while at 2000 mg/kgDW both plants failed to survive. The toxic effects of the metals on biomass production showed inhibition in the following trend: Zn>Cu>Pb. The results suggest that hyper accumulator plants can also be affected by metals in the soils on which they grow. Therefore, the application of <em>L. cornuta</em> and <em>S. jacquemontii</em> as phytoremediation plants at higher metal soil concentrations requires the application of soil amendments to minimize the toxicity effect of metal on the plants.</p>2024-02-25T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/265467Production of Sequential Interpenetrating Polymer Networks from Ximenia americana Seed Oil-based Polyurethanes and Polystyrene2024-02-22T12:38:00+00:00A. E. Samuelseaadeiza@yahoo.comI. C. Eromoseleseaadeiza@yahoo.comS. Y. Kambaseaadeiza@yahoo.comD. S. Samailaseaadeiza@yahoo.com<p>Interpenetrating polymer network are combinations of two or more polymer in network form. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the production and characterization of sequential polyurethane-polystyrene interpenetrating polymer networks from different diisocyanates and varied styrene content using <em>Ximenia americana</em> seed oil as base material. The polymer networks were characterized for their Tensile, Swelling and Thermal properties. The tensile strength and tensile modulus for MDPU-1.50-PS polymer networks, 57.86 ±5.42 - 422.85±15.25 MPa and 2.26±0.91 - 11.08±4.21 MPa respectively are higher than the values represented for HDPU-1.50-PS and TDPU-1.50-PS polymer networks, but the latter polymer networks are higher in values for elongation at break than the former. This is also corroborated by the swelling mass ratio (q<sub>m</sub>) with values for HDPU-1.50-PS and TDPU-1.50-PS networks higher than those for MDPU-1.50-PS, consistent with lower polystyrene crosslinks in the former polymer networks. Thermal studies present HDPU-1.50-PS-20 as the most stable network at 10% degradation, but at higher degradation temperatures MDPU-1.50-PS-20 polymer network shows stability up to 600<sup>0</sup>C with 19.40g residual weight of char polymer. This study shows that derivatised <em>Ximenia americana</em> seed oil is suitable as starting material for preparation of an interpenetrating polymer network.</p>2024-02-25T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/265692Geochemical and Organic Petrological Evaluation of Organic Matter from Tertiary Sediments of Baga Field in Chad Basin, Northeast Nigeria2024-02-25T09:39:14+00:00M. U. Uzoegbuuche.uzoegbu@uniport.edu.ngR. Oghonyonuche.uzoegbu@uniport.edu.ng<p>The Upper Cretaceous sediments in Bornu are considered an important regional source rock in the Chad Basin. This study therefore evaluated the geochemical and organic petrological evaluation of organic matter in tertiary sediments of Chad Basin, Northeast Nigeria by collecting 25 cutting samples from these organic-rich shale sediments from four wells drilled in Baga field in the Nigeria sector (Bornu) of the Chad Basin, in order to geochemically assess the type of organic matter, thermal maturity, and palaeoenvironmental conditions. Results reveal that Bornu sediments contain high organic matter more than 2.0 wt% TOC and have an excellent oil-generation potential. This is supported by high bitumen extractions and hydrocarbon yields with values 5827 and 3547 ppm, respectively. The investigated biomarkers indicated that the shale sediments contain a high abundance of C<sub>27</sub> regular sterane concentrations, high C<sub>27</sub>/C<sub>29</sub> regular sterane ratios and relatively low value of the biomarker sterane/hopane ratio as well as the presence of tricyclic terpanes. A mainly suboxic to relatively anoxic preservation conditions is inferred from Pr/Ph ratios (1.03–2.53). This is support by normal alkane distributions, which are characterized by dominance of types I/II kerogen and low medium molecular weight n-alkane compounds, respectively. This is further supported by lower amounts of acyclic isoprenoids compared to n-alkanes (e.g., pristane/n-C<sub>17</sub> and phytane/n-C<sub>18</sub> ratios). This is also supported by a mixture of algal and amorphous organic matter that was deposited in a lacustrine environment identified from kerogen microscopy. Based on the analyzed biomarkers, triterpanes and terpanes thermal maturity indicates that the Bornu sediments organic matters have entered into early mature stage for oil generation. This is also supported by vitrinite reflectance values of 0.57–0.71 % Ro indicate that these organic matters have reached oil window maturity.</p>2024-02-25T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/265693Assessment of Status and Distribution of Trees Inside Forest and Trees Outside Forest between 1990-2021 in Adamawa Central, Adamawa State, Nigeria2024-02-25T09:43:26+00:00A. M. Baaliyuba373@gmail.comM. Isahaliyuba373@gmail.comS. A. Mohammedaliyuba373@gmail.comA. M. Modibboaliyuba373@gmail.com<p>Forests significantly aid the stabilization of the global ecology by solving environmental concerns such as climate change and carbon sequestering. Therefore, the objective of this paper was to evaluate the status and distribution of Trees Inside Forest (TIF) and Trees Outside Forests (TOF) between 1990 and 2021in Adamawa Central, Adamawa State Nigeria, using standard methods of the Normalized Different Vegetation Index (NDVI), through the use of satellite imagery from 1990, 2000, 2013, and 2021 respectively. The findings showed that, the TOF decreased from 12.9 km<sup>2</sup> in 1990 to just 3.6 km<sup>2</sup> in 2021, the number of TIF decreased from 549.2 km<sup>2 </sup>in 1990 to 174.8 km<sup>2</sup> in 2021. A shift in policy is necessary to mitigate the negative effects of changing land cover, boosting agricultural production, and restoring urban and forest trees by various means like afforestation and replanting.</p>2024-02-25T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/265694Stormwater Quantity and Quality Management Options in Rapidly Urbanizing Watersheds: The Case of Mbezi River Catchment in Dar Es Salaam-Tanzania2024-02-25T09:52:00+00:00G. J. Mhinagiven.mhina@aru.ac.tzP. R. Mapinduzigiven.mhina@aru.ac.tz<p>Over the past two decades there has been a growing worldwide concern about the ability of urban infrastructure systems to withstand the increasing impacts of urban population and climate change. Akin to similar concerns, the objective of this paper was to evaluate stormwater quantity and quality management options in rapidly urbanizing watershed of Mbezi River catchment in Dar es Salaam-Tanzania using field investigations, public meetings and GIS techniques. Analysis results of capacity quantification of the proposed stormwater management components indicate that stormwater harvesting alone can disconnect up to 12% of stormwater runoff stream generated in the study catchment. In addition to other components, the proposed landscape-based stormwater management system puts more emphasis on rainwater harvesting, stormwater retention and detention elements to decelerate runoff speed and enhance more residence time for the runoff not only to infiltrate, but also to evapotranspire, while improving the scenery and aesthetic quality of the environment altogether.</p>2024-02-25T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/265695Evaluation of Presence of Quicklime (CaO) in Ohafia-Arochukwu Areas of Nsukka Formation, Afikpo Basin, Southeastern Nigeria 2024-02-25T09:57:41+00:00C. U. Ugwuezemu.uzoegbu@mouau.edu.ngM. U. Uzoegbumu.uzoegbu@mouau.edu.ng<p>The co-ordinates of the area studied are within latitudes 5<sup>o</sup>29ˈ to 5<sup>o</sup>51ˈN and longitudes 7<sup>o</sup>29ˈ to 8<sup>o</sup>00ˈE. The Nsukka Formation in the studied area consists of two facies associations; limestone-shale and cross bedded sandstone. The Limestone-shale facies association consists of the following lithofacies; rippled clayey sandstone, carbonaceous shale, heterolithic sandstone-shale, laminated grey shale, fossiliferous limestone, Fine grained sandstone, Silty shale, Medium grained sandstone and carbonaceous sandstone. The cross bedded sandstone facies association consists of only cross bedded sandstone. Representative samples of these rocks from Ohafia area were collected and stored in a polythene bag for further investigations. XRF analyses were carried out on these rock samples. The XRF oxide content of elements in sample OHA 1 of original rock was found to be CaO (76.00), Fe₂O₃ (8.35), SiO₂ (7.13), Al₂O₃ (2.46), SO₃ (2.29) and MgO (1.81) with other oxides in minor quantities. The shale-limestone lithofacies of OHA 2 of the same rock showed CaO (85.90), SiO₂ (5.13), MgO (2.56), Al₂O₃ (1.80), SO₃ (1.71), Fe₂O₃ (1.20) and P₂O₅ (1.02) with other oxides in minor quantities. OHA 3 of cross-bedded sandstone lithofacies contains SiO₂ (52.70), Fe₂O₃ (14.10), Al₂O₃ (14.50), MgO (3.74), CaO (9.00), TiO₂ (2.54), K₂O (1.41) and Cl (0.12) with other oxides in minor quantities. For OHA 4 through the XRF indicates Chloride (Cl), CaO and SiO<sub>2</sub> contains 79.60%, 0.58% and 3.52%. The samples showed that major component were SiO₂, Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, CaO, MgO and TiO₂. The presence of CaO was determined to be deposited on the surface of debris of rocks in the area. It was observed that the occurrence of CaO is amorphous in nature and not crystalline.</p>2024-02-25T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/266171Analysis of Heavy Metals and Gene Expression of African Arowana Fish (Heterotis niloticus) obtained from Igbalegbe River, Ughelli, Delta State, Nigeria2024-02-29T12:12:46+00:00B. Okorobaoken2003@yahoo.comP. Tawari-Fufeyinbaoken2003@yahoo.com<p>Heavy metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems can be assessed with suitable biomarkers in fish. This study was carried out to determine the concentration of heavy metals and gene expression of African Arowana Fish<strong> (</strong><em>Heterotis</em><em> niloticus</em>) obtained from Igbalegbe River<strong>, </strong>Ughelli, Delta State, Nigeria using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Varian 220 Fast sequential) for the metals and Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the gene expression study. Results of the study showed that fishes in the downstream sectionof the river and the effluent discharge point recorded higher metal pollution Index (MPI) compared to the upstream station. The concentration of heavy metals in the fish tissue were generally within the limits of Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO)/World health Organisation (WHO) except for that of Cadmium and Lead in the discharge station. The selected genes investigated were biomarkers for general stress (HSP70), xenobiotic metabolism (CYPA1), antioxidative defence (SOD), Insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) respectively. The expression of the genes revealed significant variations (P<0.05) in the fishes obtained from the different stations of the river. Some of the genes were down-regulated and suppressed while others were upregulated to enable the fish cope with stress while adapting to environmental pollution. Changes in biomarkers can therefore be considered as early signals of stress in the selected fish species.</p>2024-02-28T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/265739Global stability and Sensitivity Analysis of Malaria, Dengue and Typhoid Triple Infection2024-02-25T20:41:52+00:00T. J. Oluwafemidayofemi985@gmail.comE. Azuabadayofemi985@gmail.comD. Bakodayofemi985@gmail.comJ. Dayapdayofemi985@gmail.com<p>This study investigates the global stability of the endemic equilibrium point of triple co-infection of malaria, dengue, and typhoid. By using an appropriate Lyapunov function, the results show that the model is globally asymptotically stable. This implies that the diseases can be eradicated or kept at low levels, regardless of the population. Sensitivity analysis was also conducted to identify the most sensitive parameter. The results indicate that strategies to reduce malaria and dengue fever vectors should be prioritized to curb the spread of the diseases. Additionally, minimizing exposure to contaminated water and food, as well as reducing the discharge of typhoid bacteria into the environment, can help to reduce or curb the spread of typhoid in the environment.</p>2024-02-25T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/266156Remediation of Brewery Wastewater Using Green Synthesized Nano-Particles2024-02-29T11:08:49+00:00S. O. Owolabiadeleke.adebayo@adelekeuniversity.edu.ngA. E. Adelekeadeleke.adebayo@adelekeuniversity.edu.ngO. O. Fadipeadeleke.adebayo@adelekeuniversity.edu.ngJ. T. Adelekeadeleke.adebayo@adelekeuniversity.edu.ngA. P. Onifadeadeleke.adebayo@adelekeuniversity.edu.ngO. E. Isolaadeleke.adebayo@adelekeuniversity.edu.ngF. D. Bamisayeadeleke.adebayo@adelekeuniversity.edu.ngA. A. Sangoremiadeleke.adebayo@adelekeuniversity.edu.ng<p>The brewing industry consumes a large amount of water needed for brewing, rinsing, and cooling purposes, and therefore produces huge amount of effluents. Therefore, the objective of this paper was to evaluate the use of <em>Moringa oleiferra</em> (MO) powder and synthesized 1.0 and 2.0 g TiO<sub>2</sub>NPs as green synthesized nano-particles for the remediation of brewery wastewater using standard methods. The raw wastewater sample characterization for pH, BOD, COD, Lead and coliform count were: 7.26, 935, 1045, 0.083 mg/L and 136 cfu/100 mL respectively. Results of the UV – Visible spectrophotometer showed the maximum wavelength of 275, 275, 278 and 282.50 nm for 5:20, 10:20, 15:20, 20:20 of MO and TiO<sub>2 </sub>ratio respectively, while the FTIR results show the presence of oxygen surface complex groups such as hydroxyl and carbonyl. The SEM reveals a porous surface area accompanied by several wide opening pores of different sizes and shapes, while EDX shows the concentration of titanium, Sulphur and silicon in percent weight; 85.79, 2.96 and 1.46 % respectively. Results of the wastewater treated with 50 g defatted <em>M. oleiferra</em> revealed the removal efficiency of 47, 93.2, 56.2, 18, 31.3, 97, 76.1, 81 and 71% for Turbidity, COD, EC, Nitrate, Nitrite, BOD, TS, TDS and TSS respectively. Results of wastewater treated with 1.0 g of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs showed the removal efficiency of 97.8, 94.64, 53.5, 34.2 and 35.1% for COD, BOD, EC, Nitrate and Nitrite respectively. That of 2.0 g of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs showed the removal efficiency of 67, 58, and 87% for Cu, Pb, and Ag respectively. Conclusively, <em>M. oleiferra</em> and varying proportions of green synthesized TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs were effective in the remediation of the wastewater from brewery industry as it improves its physicochemical properties, but not so much for the heavy metal concentration.</p>2024-02-28T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/266158Hydrogeochemical evaluation of Groundwater Suitability for Drinking and Irrigation Purposes in Coastal Community of Gbaramatu Kingdom, Nigeria2024-02-29T11:20:43+00:00O. M. Omorogievaosakpolor.omorogieva@nmu.edu.ngJ. C. Ugwujaosakpolor.omorogieva@nmu.edu.ngJ. A. Tonjohosakpolor.omorogieva@nmu.edu.ngA. O. Eyinlayeosakpolor.omorogieva@nmu.edu.ng<p>The aim of this paper was to evaluate the hydrogeochemistry of groundwater suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes in Okerenkoko Gbaramatu Kingdom, South-South Region, Nigeria using standard methods. The results obtained in the study indicates that over 70% of the groundwater under investigation fell in the category of C3S1 and C4S1 in the USSL salinity diagram implying high to very high salinity. The concentration of Lead (Pb) in all the samples collected exceeded the recommended value of 0.01 mg/L set by the World Health Organization and the Standard Organization of Nigeria respectively. Groundwater from the study area can only serve as irrigation purpose for salt tolerant crops like the sweet potato, grain-sorghum, sugar beet, cotton and carrot. The production of these crops on the vast arable fallow land will contribute significantly to food security and economic advancement of the study area and the global community at large. Conversely, the groundwater cannot be consumed unless treatment is administered.</p>2024-02-28T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/266160Effect of Spent Lubricating Oil on Total Antioxidant Power, Total Flavonoid Content and Total Phenolic Content of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Mooch and Soyabean Glycine Max (L.) Merr Seedlings after 14 Days of Germination2024-02-29T11:35:49+00:00B. N. Aguebor-Ogienogiomwan.aguebor-ogie@uniben.eduE. F. Omorowanogiomwan.aguebor-ogie@uniben.edu<p>Environmental pollution is a growing concern, with its detrimental effects on ecosystems, biodiversity, and human health. Spent lubricating oil (SLO) represents a pervasive environmental pollutant, often finding its way into soil and posing a significant threat to plant life. This study was to investigate effect of the fractions of SLO (water-soluble, WSF; water-insoluble, WISF; and crude whole SLO, cWSLO) and distilled water (DW) respectively. The WSF showed significant (P<0.05) decrease in both species of seedlings (Sorghum 15.34 mg GAE/g ± 2.01 and Soya-bean 16.87 mg GAE/g ± 0.86) from results of TAP when compared to that of DW while the cWSLO was most significantly (P<0.05) decreased. The TPC also revealed significant (P<0.05) decrease from the different fractions when compared to the control (DW) as well as that of the TFC values from the results. The disparities in TPC emphasize the selective influence of different SLO components on the production of phenolic compounds, which could be crucial for plant defense mechanisms against oxidative stress. Thus, the results of the study showed that although the different parameters indicated that SLO can affect the oxidative state of brown sorghum seeds but it can be seen that it may be possible for the plant to utilize some of the water soluble contents of the SLO to aid germination.</p>2024-02-28T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/266164Survey of Natural Radioactivity of Soil and Rock Samples and their Radiological Implications to Human Health in Ugwuele Quarry Mining Site, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria2024-02-29T11:43:05+00:00E. O. Echeweozoeugeneozo@dufuhs.edu.ngK. K. Agwueugeneozo@dufuhs.edu.ngJ. C. Ogadaeugeneozo@dufuhs.edu.ngP. O. Ikeeugeneozo@dufuhs.edu.ng<p>This work measured the activity concentration of natural radionuclides 238U, 232Th and 40K in soil and rock samples collected in Ugwuele mining site and it surrounding communities in Uturu, Abia state, Nigeria. Fifteen different samples collected were analyzed. A NaI (Tl) spectrometry detector system was adopted for this research. The results obtained were used to estimate the radiological implication of the quarry mining in the study area. The average gamma activity obtained for 238U, 232Th and 40K in soil were 53.39 ± 3.08, 76.79 ± 9.66 and 1061.02 ± 15.72 Bq/kg respectively and 55.09 ± 5.71, 90.96 ± 16.10 and 1281.78 ± 6.38 Bq/kg respectively for rock samples. The calculated radiological hazard indices from Absorbed dose rate, Annual effective dose, Radium equivalent, internal hazard index and External hazard index gave 120.25 nGy/h, 0.147 msv/yr, 247.5 Bq/kg, 0.833 and 0.687 respectively. The average dose rate was higher than the recommended limit. Therefore, soil and rock materials found in Ugwuele could increase the radiological hazards on miners and residents of the area due to long time cumulative exposure.</p>2024-02-28T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/266411Assessing the Potential of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) R.Br. ex. G. Don - A Leguminous Plant Species commonly found in Nigeria to Decontaminate Crude Oil-polluted Soil in Terrestrial Ecosystem2024-03-05T21:22:38+00:00A. A. Oyedejiayodele.oyedeji@yahoo.comO. F. Oyedejiayodele.oyedeji@yahoo.comO. M. Immanuelayodele.oyedeji@yahoo.comO. O. Adekoyaayodele.oyedeji@yahoo.com<p>The potentials of <em>Parkia biglobosa</em> (a leguminous plant species) to decontaminated crude oil-polluted soil in terrestrial ecosystem was evaluated in this study using appropriate standard techniques to estimate seedling germination, height, collar diameter, number of leaves and physicochemical characteristics (organic matter, pH, calcium, magnesium and sodium, nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium) of soil used, were determined using standard protocols. Results indicated that varying concentration of crude oil influenced the variables measured. For 0 ml, 25 ml, 50 ml, 75 ml and 100 ml crude oil treatments, <em>Parkia biglobosa</em> had 18%, 18%, 16%, 13% and 11% germination rate correspondingly; mean height of 38.70cm, 26.80cm, 21.20cm, 18.50cm and 6.80cm respectively, mean collar diameter of 0.32mm, 0.30mm, 0.26mm, 0.24mm and 0.22mm respectively; 2, 0, 0, 0 and 0 nodules count respectively, and 8.00, 6.00, 5.00, 5.00 and 2.00 leaf count respectively. All physicochemical parameters measured decreased in the soil in inverse proportion to crude oil concentration. So also, seedling germination, height, collar diameter, number of leaves and nodulation decreased in inverse proportion to crude oil concentration. <em>Parkia biglobosa</em> grew tolerably in both high and low concentrations of crude oil, which is an indication of its able to withstand crude oil toxicity.<em> Parkia biglobosa</em> as a nitrogen fixing plant would be a good candidate for the terrestrial restoration of crude oil contaminated regions in Nigerian.</p>2024-02-29T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/266676Comparative Reports on Pleurotus Sajor-caju Cultivated on Local Wood Wastes in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria2024-03-10T08:00:23+00:00O. O. Olasupoasonibareolusola@gmail.comA. O. Asonibareasonibareolusola@gmail.comY. O. Babalolaasonibareolusola@gmail.comO. A. Akeredoluasonibareolusola@gmail.comA. M. Bamgboyeasonibareolusola@gmail.comF. O. Akanniasonibareolusola@gmail.com<p>Cultivation of <em>Pleurotus</em> species, an Oyster mushroom is now becoming well known due to its taste, medicinal and nutritional values. It is capable of degrading agricultural wastes efficiently and even grows at different temperature ranges. Relatively, <em>Pleurotus</em> species has shorter life span and the fruiting bodies are rarely attacked by pests and diseases unlike the other edible mushrooms. Therefore, the aim of this research is to access the influence of mineral constituents of five local wood wastes (<em>Anogeissus leiocarpa, Pouteria altissima, Vitellaria paradoxa, Cordia milleni </em>and<em> Triplochiton scleroxylon</em>) in Ibadan metropolis on the growth, fruiting body yield and proximate analysis of cultivated oyster mushroom (<em>P. sajor-caju</em>). Data of Carbon/Nitrogen ratio (11.10 – 11.60) found reveal composition of Magnesium (0.035 mg), Potassium (0.053 mEq/l), Manganese (0.0013 mg), Copper (0.00050 g/m3), Iron (0.00275 mol/L), Phosphorus (0.027 mmol/L), Organic carbon (32.10 mg/L C), Organic matter (55.3 t/ha) and total nitrogen (2.77 mg/L) contributed greatly to the high crude protein, fats and ash contents of mushroom cultivated on <em>T. Scleroxylon.</em> However, insignificant contents of sodium (0.2 mg), Calcium (0.2 mmol/L) and Magnesium (0.013 mg) in <em>Pouteria altissima</em> led to the general inadequate performance of (<em>P. sajor-caju</em>) in yields. The fresh mean weight of (<em>P. sajor-caju</em>) was from 8.00 g – 27.53 g. The heaviest weight was obtained from <em>T. scleroxylon </em>followed by <em>V. paradoxa, C. milleni, </em>while <em>Anogeissus leiocarpa</em> gave the lightest weight. Hence, <em>T. scleroxylon </em>will be suggested for cultivating <em>P. sajor-caju</em> because of its positive impact on the yield, crude fibre, and protein content of the experimented mushroom.</p>2024-02-28T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/266677Towards a Reduced Pollution Society: Systematic Review on the Role of Storytelling, Social Media, Humor and Celebrities’ Influence for Research Communication2024-03-10T08:30:18+00:00K. O. Omoyajowokoleprimer@yahoo.comM. O. Raimikoleprimer@yahoo.comK. A. Omoyajowokoleprimer@yahoo.comM. B. Makengokoleprimer@yahoo.comS. Adegboyokoleprimer@yahoo.comD. C. Innocentkoleprimer@yahoo.comS. Onikoleprimer@yahoo.comJ. Oguntuyikoleprimer@yahoo.comA. Oyedirankoleprimer@yahoo.comA. L. Ogunyebikoleprimer@yahoo.comD. Kakwikoleprimer@yahoo.com<p>Humanity's pollutive activities pose significant threats to biodiversity, agricultural productivity, and human health. Effective communication about these issues is crucial for fostering awareness and understanding. To achieve a more impactful dialogue, it is essential to facilitate collaboration across disciplines through an interdisciplinary system approach. This paper specifically aims to examine the role of storytelling, humor, and celebrities' influence in reinforcing pro-environmental behaviors. The focus is on reducing pollution and its impact through experiential, emotional, and aesthetic learning. To ensure the validity of the review, articles were systematically collected from accredited journal sites indexed by Scopus, Web of Science, and other reputable sources. The analysis indicates that anthropogenic pollutants, ingested through food, soil, air, or water, can have disastrous effects on human and environmental health. The study emphasizes the potential of storytelling, humor, and celebrities' influence to significantly mitigate these impacts. The integration of humor, storytelling, and the influence of celebrities in the media, as powerful communication tools, can contribute to a drastic reduction in pollution and its associated effects. These approaches serve as universal languages that resonate with diverse audiences. The study advocates for strong advocacy and effective communication strategies employing humor, storytelling, and celebrity influence. Celebrity influencers, with their substantial social influence, can act as science communicators, translating complex pollution statistics to inform the public about their contribution to pollution and motivating behavior change for environmental health improvement.</p>2024-02-28T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024