Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Sardinella Aurita from the Coastal Waters of Accra-Tema, Ghana and their Potential Health Risks

Abstract

Sardinella aurita and seawater samples from the Accra-Tema coast of Ghana were analysed for organochlorine (OC) pesticides using gas chromatography (GC) with electron capture detection (ECD). Residues of DDTs (p,p�-DDT, p,p�-DDE, p,p�-DDD), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCHs - �-HCH, �-HCH and �-HCH), endosulfan (�-endosulfan, �-endosulfan, endosulfan sulphate) and heptachlor were detected in fish at average concentrations ranging from 3.0 to 1235.0 �g/kg wet wt. These residues were, however, below the detection limit in seawater samples. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in residue levels were also observed across sites, decreasing from Chorkor to Kpone for seven (7) of the residues that were detected in S. aurita. Evaluation of hazard ratios (HRs) and the health risk associated with OC exposure from consumption of sardinellas re-vealed a probability of adverse health effect due to p,p�-DDT, �-HCH and heptachlor. Hence, p,p�-DDT, �-HCH and heptachlor may be of particular health concern.