Prevalence and magnitude of presbyopia in a Cosmopolitan Nigerian population

Abstract

Aim: To determine the prevalence and magnitude of presbyopia in Chikun LGA of Kaduna State

Materials and methods: A population-based quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2017 to March 2018 at Chikun LGA, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Study involved 1,047 persons aged 35 years and above were examined in 63 clusters using multistage random sampling with probability proportional to size. All participants had distance and near visual acuity assessment, anterior and posterior segment examinations and near refraction. Any participant who could not read at N8 at 40cm was adjudged presbyopic. Data was collected in a standard questionnaire, transferred to Statistical Software for social science version 20 (SPSS Chicago Illinois) and analyzed, summarized in frequency and contingency tables, with a confidence interval and P-values significant at the P< 0.05 level using chi-square (X2) test.

Results: There was 96.6% response rate (1047 out of enumerated 1084 were examined). The mean age of participants was 48.2 years ± 8.194 SD (age range of 35 – 87 years). The number of females examined was significantly higher than males (p= 0.041). The prevalence of presbyopia was 85.6% (95% Confidence Interval: 85.58% - 85.62 %) which translates to a magnitude of 81,638. The prevalence of presbyopia increased with age. There is a significant prevalence of presbyopia in females (P = 0.041) and higher literacy levels (0.004).

Conclusion: There was a high prevalence and magnitude of presbyopia in Chikun LGA which was associated with age, female gender and literacy level.