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May 28, 2026Keywords:
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Protective Effect of Curcumin on Dichlorvos Nephrotoxicity in Male Wistar Rats
Abstract
Background: Dichlorvos, a widely used insecticide in agricultural and domestic settings, has been reported to cause nephrotoxicity by disrupting the REDOX system. Curcumin, an extract from turmeric with strong antioxidant properties, may counteract this nephrotoxicity. This study evaluated the protective effect of curcumin against dichlorvos-induced kidney damage.
Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups (six rats per group). Group A (control) received 1 mL of olive oil (vehicle) daily for six weeks. Group B (dichlorvos-treated) was exposed to 98.4 g/m3dichlorvos via inhalation for 15 minutes daily for one week. Group C (dichlorvos + curcumin) received both dichlorvos exposure as in group B and oral curcumin treatment at 100 mg/kg body weight/day for six weeks. Group D (curcumin-treated) received oral curcumin as in group C for six weeks.
Results: Dichlorvos exposure significantly increased (p<0.05) serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels while significantly (p<0.05) suppressing antioxidant markers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT). Pro-inflammatory markers including myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP), were significantly (p<0.05) elevated by dichlorvos exposure. Serum electrolytes (Na⁺, K⁺, Cl⁻, HCO₃⁻), urea, creatinine, and hematological parameters (e.g., WBC, PLT, MPV) also showed significant (p<0.05) elevation, while histo-pathological analysis revealed vascular congestion and inflammatory cell infiltration in the kidneys of dichlorvos-exposed rats. Curcumin treatment significantly (p<0.05) mitigated these biochemical, hematological, and histological changes, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.
Conclusion: Curcumin alleviates dichlorvos-induced nephrotoxicity by suppressing oxidative stress-mediated inflammatory processes, highlighting its therapeutic potential.
