Journal of the Nigerian Optometric Association

Editor’s Note

Nwakaego Ikoro — 2025-08-15

No Abstract

One Health Initiative (OHI) in Nigeria: A trend analysis

Augustine Ugochukwu Akujobi — 2025-08-15

No Abstract

The Efficacy of Commercially Available Contact Lens Multipurpose Solutions against Acanthamoeba trophozoites Isolated from the Contact Lens of a Patient with Keratitis

Iyamu Eghosasare — 2025-08-15

No Abstract

Mean ocular biometric values in pre-operative cataract patients of Marist Cottage Hospital, Uturu

Ubani Udo Ahanna — 2025-08-15

Accurate ocular biometric measurements are essential for optimal intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation during cataract surgery. Axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), and vitreous chamber depth (VCD) are critical parameters that may vary with age, sex, and ethnicity. Most IOL power formulas are based on biometric data from non-African populations, limiting their precision
when applied locally. This study aimed to determine the mean ocular biometric values of pre-operative cataract patients at Marist Cottage Hospital, Uturu, Nigeria, to establish region-specific reference values and assess correlations with age and sex. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2023 to April 2024 involving 1,190 pre-operative cataract patients. Biometric parameters including AL, ACD, LT, and VCD were measured using a Sonomed PacScan 300A+ A-scan ultrasound. Demographic data were also recorded. Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses were used to assess linear and monotonic relationships between axial length and other parameters, including age. The mean AL was 22.54 ± 1.32 mm, ACD 2.63 ± 0.49 mm, LT 3.99 ± 0.67 mm, and VCD 15.99 ± 1.15 mm. Males had longer axial lengths (23.04 mm) than females (22.83 mm), though not statistically significant (p = 0.386). Pearson correlation revealed significant positive relationships between AL and ACD (r = 0.4931), LT (r = 0.3717), and VCD (r = 0.5578), all p < 0.05. Spearman correlation showed similar monotonic associations. Notably, axial length had a statistically significant negative monotonic correlation with age (Spearman’s r = –0.3680, p < 0.001), indicating a consistent decline in AL with increasing age. The study provides essential biometric data for cataract surgery in Southeastern Nigeria. The negative correlation between axial length and age underscores the need for age-specific considerations in IOL power calculations. This local dataset enhances accuracy in surgical outcomes and supports evidence-based ophthalmic care in the region.

Face shield utilization pattern and associated factors among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in a hospital setting in Nigeria

Bernadine Nsa Ekpenyong — 2025-08-15

Purpose: The use of face shields, a recommended measure for the prevention of COVID -19 transmission, is reported to reduce immediate viral exposure by 92% when worn by healthcare workers (HCWs) maintaining 6 feet physical distancing. This study aimed to assess the use of face shields and identify factors influencing compliance among HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH), Nigeria.
Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among HCWs who wore face shields during the pandemic. A self-administered, semi-structured questionnaire was distributed by purposive sampling to 102 asymptomatic HCWs. Associations were analyzed using Chi-square and logistic regression, with a 95% confidence interval, and statistical significance set at P<0.05.
Results: Years of practice [P = 0.027], prior training on face shield use [P = 0.032] and frequent contact with infectious disease patients/specimens [P = 0.026] were significantly associated with frequent use of face shield. HCWs who had contact with infectious disease patients/specimens were twice likely to use face shields than those without such contact. The most reported complaints associated with face shield use were fogging (32.4%), headaches (30.4%), eye pain (22.5%) and dizziness (14.7%).
Conclusion: The results indicate that extended years of practice, prior training on face shield use, and frequent exposure to infectious disease patients/specimens were motivators/predictors for frequent face shield use. However, due to the associated visual discomforts, it is recommended that users undergo prior vision evaluation by optometrists, while manufacturers consider improving the design of face shields for HCWs.

Retinal nerve fibre layer analysis with scanning laser polarimeter

A.U. Omaka — 2025-08-15

Glaucoma diagnosis is based on the assessment of intraocular pressure, optic nerve head, visual field and less frequently Retinal nerve fiber layer analysis. There are certain advantages and disadvantages associated with each of these measures, ranging from discriminating power of the measure, reproducibility and whether it is subjective or objective.

Methodology: An objective method to access the RNFL through scanning laser polarimeter is presented with four (4) case studies (1) normal patient (2) normal patient (pre-perimetric)(3) glaucoma patient (perimetric) (4) Advanced Glaucoma.

Results: The discriminatory power of the scanning laser polarimeter has been proven with several studies, RNFL analysis for the classes of patients presented correlated with other parameters used in the diagnosis and management of glaucoma. Conclusion: structural analysis with an imaging device that provides objective measures is therefore recommended to be included in the standard examination in all glaucoma practices.

Towards the integration of tele-optometry into Primary Healthcare in Nigeria

Oluwayemisi Deborah Soyombo — 2025-08-15

Vision impairment remains a significant public health problem in Nigeria, where many people, especially in rural areas, lack access to affordable and quality eye care services. This commentary explores the opportunities, challenges, and practical steps needed to integrate tele-optometry into Nigeria’s primary healthcare system to improve access to eye care. A narrative synthesis approach was used, which allowed the review and interpretation of different types of studies on the topic. A structured literature search was carried out using the PubMed database, focusing on articles published between 2014 and 2025 that discussed tele-optometry, digital eye care, healthcare integration, and service delivery in low-resource settings, leading to the inclusion of sixteen peer-reviewed articles. The findings showed that although there are significant barriers, such as shortages of trained personnel, poor digital infrastructure, lack of clear regulations, and inequalities in internet access, there are also growing opportunities. Improvements in mobile phone usage, positive attitudes among optometry students towards tele-eye care, and successful models from countries like India and Kenya show that tele-optometry can work even in low-resource settings. However, issues such as the absence of national clinical guidelines, limited training in teleoptometry, and the need for better cooperation between government and private organisations must be addressed to make tele-optometry services effective and sustainable. Based on these findings, this commentary recommends strengthening workforce training, building strong regulations, improving digital infrastructure, supporting pilot projects, and embedding tele-optometry into national health strategies to
help Nigeria move closer to achieving universal access to eye care services.

Low vision management of Retinitis Pigmentosa Sine Pigmento – A case report

Ekeoma Adure Edemeraro — 2025-08-15

Purpose: Retinitis Pigmentosa sine pigmento (RP sine pigmento) is a rare subtype of Retinitis Pigmentosa characterized by progressive visual field loss and nyctalopia, but with minimal or no bone spicule pigmentation. This case report highlights the clinical presentation, low vision assessment, and rehabilitation strategies employed to enhance functional vision and independence in an 18-year-old male with RP sine pigmento.
Methods: A comprehensive eye examination was conducted at LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India, visual acuity testing, refraction, fundoscopic evaluation, electroretinography (ERG), and visual field testing, were performed. Low vision assessment carried out at the Low Vision clinic of the same hospital involved distance and near visual acuity testing, contrast sensitivity evaluation, and trials of various low vision aids. The patient was introduced to optical and non-optical low vision devices, orientation and mobility (O&M) training, and social support services, including disability certification.
Results: The patient had severe visual field constriction and reduced visual acuity (CF @0.6m in the right eye and 6/120 in the left eye). Improved visual function was achieved through meticulous refraction, which enhanced distance and near acuity. The patient benefited from a 2X/8D dome magnifier for reading and O&M training for independent navigation. Disability certification enabled access to social benefits, improving overall quality of life.
Conclusion: Although no definitive cure exists for RP sine pigmento, comprehensive low vision rehabilitation substantially enhances functional independence. This case underscores the importance of individualized rehabilitation strategies in managing vision loss, allowing patients to sustain a higher quality of life. A multidisciplinary approach involving precise refraction, magnification aids, mobility training, and psychosocial support is essential for optimizing the patient's daily functioning and well-being.