https://www.ajol.info/index.php/joafss/issue/feed Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and the Social Sciences 2026-04-08T06:47:17+00:00 Mr Essien Antigha antigha2005@yahoo.com Open Journal Systems The <i>Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and the Social Sciences</i> generally aims to foster progressive partnerships between different stake holders towards sustainable Agriculture. Papers in Animal husbandry, Fisheries, wild life, crop and Soil Science, agricultural economics, Extension, Forestry, environment and papers with a Social Science tilt that are geared towards sustainable agriculture are acceptable for publication. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/joafss/article/view/320365 Economic analysis of youth participation in fish production: Panacea to agribusiness in Oyo State, Nigeria 2026-03-24T14:31:06+00:00 I. O Oyewo ojerry2@gmail.com A. A Adesope ojerry2@gmail.com T.F Odusanya ojerry2@gmail.com F.T Aderemi ojerry2@gmail.com F.O Adeigbe ojerry2@gmail.com <p>A well-structured questionnaire was used to obtain information from Eighty (80) respondents; cross sectional data was collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution and Gross Margin Analysis. The result revealed that majority (78.7%) of the fish farmers are male, 43.7% were within the age of 31-50 years, with mean age of 40.5 years. Majority (88.7%) of them are married, had no formal education (8.8%), had one form of formal education (91.2%), fish farmers as full time (72.5%), use both hired and family labour (77.5%). Lack of agricultural finance, lack of technical know-how, lack of good market patronage, high cost of labour, and high cost of feeds were the major constraints faced by youths in participating in aquaculture farming business. It was however revealed that Total Revenue (TR) in fish farming business was ₦100 ,000,000 Total Cost (TC) was ₦18,255,800 and Gross Margin (GM) was ₦81,744,200 . Benefit Cost Ratio was 5.48, confirming that fish production was a profitable agribusiness. It was however concluded that investing in fish farming can yield substantial returns, making it a viable agribusiness opportunity, and also recommended among others that Youths should be encouraged and supported to participate in aquaculture farming through targeted initiatives, training, and mentorship programs, by addressing these challenges and implementing these recommendations, the aquaculture industry can continue to thrive and contribute to the economy while providing a profitable business opportunity for fish farmers in the study area.</p> 2026-03-25T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2026 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/joafss/article/view/320366 Determination of the nutrient intake and digestibility coefficients of West African Dwarf bucks fed fermented orange fleshed sweet potato peels meal 2026-03-24T14:35:16+00:00 S. U Nelson susannelson25@yahoo.com F. O. Ahamefule susannelson25@yahoo.com B. Obua susannelson25@yahoo.com <p>The nutrient intake and digestibility coefficients of West African Dwarf (WAD) bucks fed diets containing fermented orange fleshed sweet potato (<em>Ipomea batatas</em> L.) peel meal was conducted. A study was conducted to determine the nutrient intake and coefficients of digestibility of West African Dwarf (WAD) bucks fed with fermented orange fleshed sweet potato ( (<em>Ipomea batatas</em> L) peel meal. Sixteen bucks with an average live weight of 7.02kg were randomly distributed into different pens and fed four dietary treatments designated T<sup>1</sup> , T<sup>2</sup> , T<sup>3</sup> and T<sup>4</sup> , which were formulated to contain 0, 10, 20 and 30 % of orange fleshed sweet potato peel meal (OFSPPM).The study revealed that the coefficients of nutrient digestibility were influenced (P&lt;0.05) by dietary treatments and there were significant differences (P &lt;0.05) in all the measured parameters. Crude protein digestibility was significantly higher (P&lt;0.05) in diets containing orange fleshed sweet potato peel meal (2, 3 and 4) than in T<sup>1</sup> (6.04, 6.14 and 6.76 than 5.6) respectively. Nitrogen free extract, crude protein and metabolizable energy of nutrient intake were similar (P&gt;0.05) to that of dry matter of the same nutrient intake, and also similar to nitrogen free extract of digestibility coefficient and could be concluded that the factors that affected the nutrients intake also affected the digestibility. Similarities(P&gt;0.05) in nutrient intake were seen in dry matter, nitrogen free extract, crude protein, metabolizable energy and also of nitrogen free extract of digestibility coefficient, and could be concluded that similar factors affected both the nutrient intake and digestibility. Ash digestibility varied significantly (P&lt;0.05) among diets with goats on T<sup>4</sup> (3.02%) being the lowest, followed by T<sup>3</sup> (3.08%), T<sup>1</sup> (3.17 %) before T<sup>2</sup> (3.18%) which had the highest. Total Digestible Nutrient showed significant differences (P&lt;0.05) amongst treatment groups ranging from 31.93 – 34.74 % for T<sup>1</sup> – T<sup>4</sup> with Treatment 4 having the highest value (34.74 %). Feeding bucks with orange fleshed sweet potato peel meal will help to improve their utilization of dietary nutrients and could be harnessed in place of wheat offal to improve goat production, leading to better productivity.</p> 2026-03-25T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2026 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/joafss/article/view/320367 Analysis of a metaphor digging a grave in the heart and the untimely deaths of peers in Cross River Central Nigeria 2026-03-24T14:38:04+00:00 E. Osam ejuks@hotmail.com <p>This study focused on secondary school teenagers who grew up in the 1970 to 1980s when the genres of Disco, Reggae and Afrobeat music of Fela Kuti were very popular in Nigeria; and the ensuing consequences of risky behaviours stemming from its influence. The literature was analysed from different intellectual perspectives and the writers’ exegetical explications of the symbolic meanings of the respective metaphors of death.</p> <p><strong>Methodology:</strong> This is a qualitative method of research with a partial narrative form of inquiry and a reflective method as it applies to exegetical description of metaphors. The theoretical perspective: The social ecological theory of Bronfenbrenner (1979) focused on the respective concentric circles as determinants of character formation responsible for the choices that individuals made within the social contexts of interaction with families, teachers, and peers.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> The untimely deaths of thirty five peers, from different health problem were traced to alcohol abuse, chain smoking of cigarettes and Marijuana, having multiple sexual partners and ensuing sexually transmitted infections.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The human ecological theory is a predictor of childhood development and behaviour of children. The era of Disco, Reggae, Afrobeat and other musical genres formed part of social growth and development of youths. It influenced the abuse of chemical substances and other products like smoking of cigarettes and Marijuana. Unfortunately, it resulted in untimely deaths.</p> <p><strong>Recommendations:</strong> The Government and NGOs should sensitise awareness campaigns that target adolescents, youths and teenagers regarding the consumption of alcohol. Focus should be on curbing the production of locally made gin Ogogoro in respective towns and villages. The sale of alcohol and cigarettes should be curtailed in hotels, night clubs, motor parks and public spaces in villages and cities to stem the rising cases of addictions and untimely deaths.</p> 2026-03-25T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2026 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/joafss/article/view/320368 Perceived constraints of youth agricultural programmes intervention on cassava farmers’ in Delta State, Nigeria 2026-03-24T14:40:51+00:00 B. A. Adeniyi babalola.adeniyi@dou.edu.ng U. Odjebor babalola.adeniyi@dou.edu.ng O. O. Aminu babalola.adeniyi@dou.edu.ng O. B Oyesola babalola.adeniyi@dou.edu.ng <p>Efforts to produce enough food in countries like Nigeria are however frustrated by a number of natural, human and economic factors. It is in the context of these realities that the study assessed the perceived constraints of youth agricultural programs intervention on cassava farmers in Delta State, Nigeria. A total of 274 youth cassava farmers comprising 137 beneficiaries and 137 non-beneficiaries were randomly selected. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data, which was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Post Hoc test for group mean comparisons. Results revealed that little or no money ( x ̅ =1.87±0.28), weed control ( x ̅ =1.67±0.31), mechanization ( x ̅ =1.51±0.59), herdsmen attacks ( x ̅ =1.44±0.58) and administrative bottlenecks ( x ̅ =1.18±0.65) were constraints faced in the study area, while poor road network ( x ̅ =1.06±0.76) and distance to farm ( x ̅ =1.00±0.79) were additional constraints confronting the non beneficiaries. However, the level of constraints associated with cassava production differs among categories of beneficiaries, and non beneficiaries (F=46.84, p=0.000) at p=0.05. while Post Hoc test for group mean comparisons revealed that the level of constraints faced by different categories of beneficiaries and non beneficiaries were not significantly different. The study concludes that little or no money, weed control, mechanization, herdsmen’s attacks, poor road network, farm inputs and transportation were the most severe constraints faced by cassava farmers’. It was therefore recommended that programs beneficiaries and community youth farmers should be encouraged to organize themselves into social development and self help groups in order to ease their access to credit facility, tractor hiring services, construction of access roads and other necessary farm inputs needed to enhance cassava production enterprise.</p> 2026-03-25T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2026 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/joafss/article/view/320373 Socio-economic analysis of charcoal production in Yewa North, Ayetoro local government area, Ogun State 2026-03-24T14:43:46+00:00 O. C. Odeyale jumoceline81@gmail.com E. B. Olawuyi jumoceline81@gmail.com A. K. Aluko jumoceline81@gmail.com <p>Charcoal production has long played a crucial role in sustaining rural livelihoods, dating back to the medieval period. This study examined the socio-economic dimensions of charcoal production in Yewa North Local Government, Ogun State, with a focus on four purposively selected communities — Ayetoro, Ijoun, Eggua, and Sunwa — identified as major charcoal-producing areas. A total of 125 respondents were selected, and data were obtained from both primary and secondary sources, analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis. Findings revealed that the majority of respondents were male (59.2%), predominantly married (64.0%), with household sizes ranging between 0 – 5 members (51.8%), and a considerable proportion had primary education (39.2%). Charcoal production constituted the main occupation for most respondents (88.0%), contributing significantly to poverty reduction, household income generation, employment creation, provision of working capital for other enterprises, children’s education, fuelwood substitution, and social infrastructure development, with odds ratios ranging from 24.061 to 4.052. Despite these benefits, producers faced challenges such as long distances to market (93.7%), high taxation (91.3%), poor production records (92.1%), inadequate funding (91.3%), high registration costs (89.0%), and the pressures of urbanisation (89.0%). Sustainable management practices identified included restrictions on illegal production, afforestation programmes, measures to protect forest ecosystems during processing, adoption of agroforestry practices, and the prohibition of clear-felling. The study concludes that sustainable charcoal production in the area requires stronger participation from the private sector, particularly through the establishment of plantations with fast-growing tree species, thereby promoting both livelihood security and environmental sustainability.</p> 2026-03-25T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2026 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/joafss/article/view/320374 An empirical analysis of the impact of service sector performance on poverty reduction in Nigeria 2026-03-24T14:46:57+00:00 E.O Offiong efiongoffiong@gmail.com W.W. Okoi efiongoffiong@gmail.com <p>This paper extends previous empirical studies on service sector performance and its impact on poverty reduction. It provides evidence from time series annual data using the Vector Error Correction Modelling technique from 1980-2023. The study employs a disaggregated model to capture the individual productivities as well as performance effectiveness of the services subsectors such as trade, information and communication technology and finance, within the Nigerian economy. The stationarity of the series used in the study was determined with the ADF and PP test, thereafter the Johansen cointegration technique and other stability test, as well as lag length selection. The result showed that trade sub-service sector output to GDP, finance service sub-sector output to GDP, and information and communication sub-service sector output to GDP, all had a positive and significant effect on poverty rate in Nigeria. The study concluded that service sector has been critical to reducing poverty, creating employment in addition to increasing competition among firms. It was recommended that Nigerian government should strengthen the service sector, so as to utilize the potentials therein, through sector specific policies.</p> 2026-03-25T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2026 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/joafss/article/view/320375 Assessment of utilization of family planning methods amongst rural women in Rivers State, Nigeria 2026-03-24T14:49:56+00:00 A. G Ayoade ayoadeadewonuoluwa@gmail.com A. Abiodun ayoadeadewonuoluwa@gmail.com <p>This study focused on utilization of family planning amongst rural women in Rivers State. Random sampling technique was used to select 1 local governments in Rivers State, four rural communities were randomly selected of which 200 respondents were selected for the study. The data were collected through the use of a well-structured questionnaire were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics using table, mean, frequency, cumulative frequency, standard deviation, Correlation coefficient and chi-square are the inferential tools that were used to analyze hypothesis. The result revealed that majority (28%) of the respondents were trading as their primary occupation while (89.5%) were aware of family planning methods. The study revealed that the res pondents’ perception and knowledge of modern family planning methods had significant relationship with their utilization of family planning methods. The most prominent constraint identified was that modern family planning methods have poor awareness of family planning methods with mean value 2.47 and standard deviation of 0.715 then, uncooperative attitude of spouse mean value 2.40 and standard deviation of 0.731and 3<sup>rd</sup> constraint which is illiteracy with mean value 2.32 and standard deviation of 0.843. Inferential statistics showed that there was no significant relationship between socio-economic characteristics such as education, religion, occupation, and extension contact and the utilization of family planning methods (Chi-square, p &gt; 0.05). However, correlation analysis indicated significant positive relationships between women’s knowledge (p &lt; 0.05) and perception (p &lt; 0.05) of modern family planning methods and their utilization, implying that better knowledge and positive perception increase the likelihood of use. From the study, it is recommended that rural families be enlightened on the possible side effects of the family planning methods of the choice of partners and rural families should be sensitized on the importance for both partners (the husband and his wife) to cooperate with each other in practicing family planning using methods suitable to them.</p> 2026-03-25T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2026 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/joafss/article/view/320376 Socio-economic impact of non-timber forest product on forest dwellers in Olokemeji forest reserve of Oyo State 2026-03-24T14:51:55+00:00 O.C Odeyale jumoceline81@gmail.com E.B Olawuyi jumoceline81@gmail.com <p>The study focused on investigation of the socio-economic impact of nontimber forest product on forest dwellers in Olokemeji Forest Reserve. Data were collected using one hundred and forty-nine (149) structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and Logit regression model. The demographic characteristics of the respondents showed that more male (52.7%) were involved in NTFPs collection than female (47.3%) in the reserve. Majority of the respondents were between the age range of 41 and 50 years with 33.04% while 76.7% of the respondents were married. The respondents with household size 1 to 5 participated more in NTFPs collection than other household sizes. A total of Twentyfive (25) NTFPs were identified in Olokemeji forest reserve some of which include bush meat, fruits, mushrooms honey, snails etc. The result of the logit regression gave a chi-square value of 101.01 @0.05 significance level. It also showed that income on daily basis had the highest socio-economic impact on daily livelihood because it had the highest odds ratio of 30.03 while source of raw materials for handcraft (0.01) and source of revenue to the government (0.84) had the lowest. This implied that income on daily basis contributed greatly to the daily livelihood of the respondents as well as other variable with the exception of source of raw materials for handcraft and source of revenue for government. The study showed that NTFPs plays significant role in the daily livelihood of the forest dwellers and as a result, the study recommends that efforts should be geared towards effective utilization of NTFPs in Olokemeji Forest Reserves.</p> 2026-03-25T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2026 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/joafss/article/view/320378 Evaluation of cow dung and fortified cow dung on the growth and yield of okra (<i>Abelmoschus esculentus </i>L.) 2026-03-24T14:54:10+00:00 F.T. Aderemi ademolajoshua08@gmail.com O.C. Ademola ademolajoshua08@gmail.com J.A. Ademola ademolajoshua08@gmail.com R.O. Elesho ademolajoshua08@gmail.com O.A. Majekodunmi ademolajoshua08@gmail.com <p>This research investigated the evaluation of cow dung and fortified cow dung on the growth and yield response of okra (<em>Abelmoschus esculentus</em> l.). The experiment was carried out within the premises of Federal College of Forestry, Jericho Ibadan and was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with eleven (11) treatments replicated three (3) times. The treatments were T1 (control), T2 (12.5g) of cow dung, T3 (25g) of cow dung, T4 (37.5g) of cow dung, T5 (50g) of cow dung, T6 (62.5g) of cow dung, T7 (12.5g) of cow dung + 0.63g of urea, T8 (25g) of cow dung + 0.63g of urea, T9 (37.5g) of cow dung + 0.63g of urea, T10 (50g) of cow dung + 0.63g of urea, T11 (62.5g) of cow dung + 0.63g of urea. The parameters assessed such as plant height, stem garth, number of leaves and yield were taken every week for ten weeks. The leaves number were taken by counting the leaves and each height was measured by measuring tape in centimeters and the number of fruit yield were counted and recorded. Fruit were harvested per plant and weighed using sensitive scale. The result also revealed the evaluation of cow dung and fortified cow dung on the growth and yield response of okra. At 10th week of assessment, it was observed that all parameters tested showed that plants grown with 50g of cow dung + 0.68g of urea had the best performance in height, leaf production, stem diameter and yield with average values of 75.5cm, 2,8cm, 9.8 leaves and 3.2kg respectively.</p> 2026-03-25T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2026 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/joafss/article/view/320382 Perceived effects, constraints, and strategic pathways for improving green economy adoption among rural households around Onigambari Forest Reserve, Oyo State, Nigeria 2026-03-24T15:01:26+00:00 O.J Aluko juliwal2002@yahoo.com W.T Ayanwusi juliwal2002@yahoo.com A Adekunle juliwal2002@yahoo.com O.P Olusina juliwal2002@yahoo.com <p>This study examined the socio-economic characteristics, perceived effects, constraints, and strategic pathways for improving the adoption of green economy initiatives among rural households around Onigambari Forest Reserve, Oyo State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used to select seventy (70) respondents from four villages located within 0 – 5 km of the forest reserve. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and mean score analysis. Findings revealed that respondents had a mean age of 44.3 years, an average household size of 6.2 persons, and an average income of ₦456,000 per annum. The mean analysis indicated that green economy initiatives enhanced environmental quality (mean = 3.54), promoted forest regeneration (mean = 3.62), and improved soil fertility (mean = 3.48). Major constraints to adoption included inadequate funding (mean = 3.71) and lack of government support (mean = 3.59). Suggested strategies for improvement included increased public awareness (mean = 3.76), provision of financial incentives (mean = 3.64), and community participation in policy design (mean = 3.58). The study concluded that green economy initiatives contributed positively to environmental sustainability in rural areas. It recommended targeted policy interventions, enhanced financial access, and community-driven environmental education to promote adoption and long-term ecological stability.</p> 2026-03-25T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2026 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/joafss/article/view/320383 Influence of extractives on the compressive strength and natural durability of <i>Tectona grandis</i> L.F. and <i>Cassia siamea<i> LAM 2026-03-24T15:12:09+00:00 F.G. Adebawo adebawo.fg@fcfibadan.edu.ng O.O. Ajala adebawo.fg@fcfibadan.edu.ng O.A. Adegoke adebawo.fg@fcfibadan.edu.ng B. R. Kehinde adebawo.fg@fcfibadan.edu.ng <p>The inherent durability of wood is crucial for its performance, particularly against biodegrading agents like termites. However, the role of extractives in contributing to this durability remains underexplored for many tropical species. This study, therefore, investigated the influence of extractives on the natural durability of <em>Tectona grandis </em>and<em> Cassia siamea</em> against termite attack. Moisture content and extractive levels were determined, followed by solvent extraction using ethanol, dichloromethane, and their combination. Extracted and unextracted samples were then exposed to termite attack to assess weight loss and compressive strength. Results showed that <em>Tectona grandis</em> had a higher moisture content (15.39%) than <em>Cassia siamea</em> (12.60%), but <em>Cassia siamea</em> exhibited significantly higher extractive content across all solvents. Removal of extractives led to increased weight loss in both species, confirming their role in termite resistance. <em>Cassia siamea</em> retained better durability after extraction compared to <em>Tectona grandis</em>. Compressive strength was largely unaffected by extraction, although<em> Tectona grandis</em> consistently exhibited superior mechanical properties. These findings demonstrate that extractives significantly enhance termite resistance without substantially altering mechanical strength, emphasizing their critical role in wood durability. Understanding the contribution of extractives can guide wood utilization and preservation strategies, particularly for tropical hardwood species.</p> 2026-03-25T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2026 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/joafss/article/view/320385 Evaluation of <i>Albizia zygia<i> leaf and bark aqueous extracts on the growth and yield of maize (<i>Zea mays </i>L.) 2026-03-24T15:17:46+00:00 J.A. Ademola ademolajoshua08@gmail.com O.C. Ademola ademolajoshua08@gmail.com F.T. Aderemi ademolajoshua08@gmail.com R.O. Elesho ademolajoshua08@gmail.com O.A. Majekodunmi ademolajoshua08@gmail.com <p><strong>Background:</strong> Sustainable intensification of rain-fed maize production is crucial for food security in smallholder systems. However, overreliance on synthetic fertilizers threatens environmental sustainability and farmer livelihoods. Alternative organic sources are needed to boost yields while protecting soils and climate. <em>Albizia zygia</em> is a nitrogen-fixing leguminous tree with potential as a green manure. This study evaluated <em>A. zygia</em> leaf and bark aqueous extracts as natural growth stimulants and yield enhancers for maize.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> A randomized complete block design was employed with 10 treatments comprising four concentrations (10-40%) each of leaf and bark extracts, plus organic fertilizer (1%), inorganic fertilizer (1.3%) and untreated control. Two maize varieties were grown and parameters assessed over eight weeks. Physicochemical properties and nutrient composition of extracts were analyzed. Data were subjected to ANOVA and mean comparisons.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Physicochemical analysis showed the leaf extract contained higher nitrogen (3.93%) and phosphorus (4.92%), while bark had greater potassium (1.95%), micronutrients and ions. Vegetative growth parameters including plant height, leaf number, area and stem girth increased with higher extract concentrations in a clear dose-response trend. The 30% leaf extract consistently outperformed other treatments based on mean comparisons, maximizing growth attributes. For yield, this treatment stimulated the highest fresh cob weight (65.0g), dry weight (35.3g), seed weight per cob (29.3g) and 100-grain weight (26.3g), significantly greater than other treatments and controls.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Results demonstrate the agronomic potential of <em>A. zygia</em> extracts, especially the leaf type at 30% concentration, as sustainable alternatives or supplements to synthetic fertilizers for rain-fed maize systems. Both varieties hold promise, with leaf exhibiting greater growth promotion and yield enhancement abilities. Further optimization studies are warranted to fully realize their benefits for smallholder farmers. Overall, the findings provide evidence that <em>A. zygia</em> extracts could advance eco-friendly intensification of maize while safeguarding livelihoods and the environment.</p> 2026-03-25T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2026 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/joafss/article/view/320387 Geospatial assessment of morphological changes of Eleyele dam, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria 2026-03-24T15:31:50+00:00 T. O. Idowu tunjiakinola.co@gmail.com O. T. Badejo tunjiakinola.co@gmail.com A. O. Akinola tunjiakinola.co@gmail.com <p>This study aimed at investigating the morphological changes in Eleyele Dam, Ibadan, Oyo state using geospatial approach with the purpose of assessing the topographic patterns and changes in the depth of part of Eleyele Dam to mitigate its flood reoccurrence using time series bathymetric data covering a period of three (3) years at the following epochs: 2021 to 2023. The research utilized a methodological framework that comprises the acquisition of bathymetric data for the years 2021 and 2022 from previous bathymetric survey operations conducted in a portion of the dam by the Oyo State ministry of water resources and management. The bathymetric survey for 2023 was acquired through field observations in the dam, utilizing an echo sounder SDE 28 together with its additional accessories. Pre processing of the data was carried out by coordinating system harmonization and data translation procedures. Hypack and ArcGIS 10.7.1 application software were used for data processing and map production and query analysis from the extracted depth for the years 2021, 2022 and 2023 bathymetry data. A one way ANOVA test was used to assess the hypotheses using the IBM SPSS 20 software. For statistical spatial data analysis, and image analysis, kriging interpolation method was used. The lowest and maximum depths from 2021, 2022, and 2023 were found to be 1.78m, 0.71m, 0.69m and 10.39m, 10.50m, and 9.99m respectively. These results demonstrated notable variations in the bottom slope and the volume of materials deposited and dredged at the dam. This demonstrated a decline in depth and an increase in slope, consistent with the annual geometric decline in depth. The results of the hypothesis test carried out showed that, there was evidence to reject the null hypothesis Ho that; there is no significant difference in the bathymetric changes within the study periods. This implies that both anthropogenic influences, such as changes in land use, human activities, and natural processes, such as sedimentation and erosion, may be responsible for the topography changes seen in the study area. From the predictive model generated, the result revealed observed depth in 2021 as a significant predictor of the observed depth in 2023 as it predicts the behaviour of the dam in 2023. It can be concluded that, bathymetric changes occurred within the study periods and these changes is as a result of anthropogenic influence from human activities, sedimentation and erosion experienced in the study.</p> 2026-03-25T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2026 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/joafss/article/view/320388 Assessment of community involvement in the effective management and conservation of forest resource in Ibarapa East local government area 2026-03-24T15:40:04+00:00 A.R Falana pejusmile@gmail.com <p>Community participation or involvement is the employment of local people to mobilize their people to make decisions, manage and conserve their resources and control the activities that affect their lives. A study on effectiveness of community in the management and conservation of forest resources was carried out in Ibarapa East Local Government; to determine the effectiveness and involvement, participatory approach and the challenges of the local people in conservation of Ibarapa forest reserve. A Multistage sampling techniques was used for the study. One hundred and fifty-four (154) questionnaires were administered, out of which one hundred and fifty were retrieved and analysed using descriptive statistics. Logit regression was used to determine the participatory approach being used in the management and conservation of forest reserve in the study area. The result showed that 53.3% of the respondents were male while 46.7% were female., 34.3% of respondents fell within the active age range of 40 - 49 years and participated more in the conservation of forest in the study area. The benefits derived from community participation in the study area are: increase in food production, income generation and availability of raw materials The major factors that influence community involvement in forest conservation and management in the study area is the future benefit that rural dwellers will get from it, revenue collection and protection from illegal fellers. The challenges faced by the community in managing and conserving forest resource in the study area are unemployment, poverty, illegal felling and over-exploitation of Timber Products.</p> <p>It is concluded that the community participation in forest conservation in the study area seems to be a complex process that is dependent on a wide range of factors such as government-driven forest management and low participation of community. As a result, the communities have a perception that forest conservation is a government driven activity. It is therefore recommended that the government should design forest conservation programs that encourage community participation. Government should design democratic and bottom-up programs by integrating the people in the planning and implementation of forest conservation activities.</p> 2026-03-25T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2026 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/joafss/article/view/320389 Studies on the repellent and insecticidal activities of the aqueous leaf extracts of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> (L.) (Moringacae) and <i>Carica papaya</i> (L.) (Asteraceae) against <i>Macrotermes spp</i>. 2026-03-24T15:43:07+00:00 L. Opoggen love_opoggen@uniport.edu.ng K. A. Chijioke love_opoggen@uniport.edu.ng O. O. Uyi love_opoggen@uniport.edu.ng J. Rotimi love_opoggen@uniport.edu.ng <p>Termites are long-lived insect pest that cause serious economic damages to agricultural crops, furniture, forest trees, and building structures. Due to environmental and health hazards of synthetic insecticides, there has been a growing interest in botanical pesticides. <em>Moringa oleifera</em> and <em>Carica papaya</em> are two plants commonly studied for their bioactive potentials against pests.This study therefore investigated the repellent and toxicological activities of <em>M. oleifera</em> and <em>C. papaya</em> leaf extracts against the worker caste of the mound building termites, <em>Macrotermes</em> sp. Five concentrations (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0% (w/v)) of the aqueous leaf extracts of <em>Moringa oleifera</em> and <em>Carica papaya</em> were tested on <em>Macrotermes</em> sp, using the filter paper impregnation technique. Percentage repellence was monitored for 30 minutes, 1 hour and 2 hours while mortality was monitored for 24, 48, and 72 hours. The extracts of <em>Moringa oleifera</em> and<em> Carica papaya</em> repelled 76% and 72% of the termites respectively at 10% (w/v) following a 2 – hour exposure period. Mortality of <em>Macrotermes</em> species caused by the extracts was very high and observed to be concentration and exposure time dependent. At the highest concentration, both extracts accounted for 100% mortality respectively following a 72 – hour exposure period. In conclusion, this study revealed that the leaf extracts of <em>M. oleifera</em> and <em>C. papaya</em> possessed significant repellent and insecticidal properties against <em>Macrotermes</em> species, representing a promising and environmentally friendly alternative for integrated pest management of termites.</p> 2026-03-25T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2026 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/joafss/article/view/320394 Importance of private protected areas to biodiversity conservation and socio-economic development. A case study of emerald forest reserve, Osun State, Nigeria. 2026-03-24T15:56:46+00:00 A. Bobadoye bobadoyed@gmail.com A. Akinola bobadoyed@gmail.com D. Abayomi bobadoyed@gmail.com M. Ladipo bobadoyed@gmail.com A. Lateef bobadoyed@gmail.com <p>There is increasing recognition of the contribution of privately protected areas (PPAs) to reducing deforestation and protecting biodiversity. This study provides an overview of the Emerald Forest Reserve (EFR) model of maintaining a privately protected area in Nigeria. The model shows how linking biodiversity conservation to the livelihood of forest communities can transform conservation outcomes. The EFR project demonstrated that the incorporation of ecological conservation with alternative livelihood or source of income opportunities, e.g., beekeeping, snail and grasscutter rearing, and organic agroforestry, reduces hunting and logging pressures, increases wellbeing, and reduces poverty among indigenous communities. The model identifies that financial sustainability is one of the biggest challenges of a private protected area in Nigeria. Privately protected areas can be valuable partners toward meeting both local and global obligations to biodiversity with proper policies, incentives, and management.</p> 2026-03-25T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2026