Evaluation of reversible contraceptive activities of methanol extract of <i> Annona squamosa</i>(Linn.) stem bark in male rats

Abstract

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the contraceptive activities of methanol stem bark extract of Annoa squamosa L. (Annonaceae) with their respective reversibility in male rats. Proven fertile male rats were gavaged 100% methanol extract of A. squamosa stem bark at the dose level of 50, 100 and 200 mg/rat/day for 60 days. Fertility was reduced by up to 100% at the dose level, 200 mg/rat/day. Sperm motility, density as well as other parameters related to the fertility were reduced significantly. The extract caused a marked reduction in the number of testicular cell population, seminiferous tubular diameters as well as the number of mature Leydig cells. The serum testosterone level was also decreased significantly. The findings of the study support claims of contraceptive properties of Annoa squamosa. This contraceptive activity was however, reversible after withdrawal of the drug treatment.