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Pharmacognostic profile and <i>in vitro</i> cytotoxic activity of <i>Adenema hyssopifolium</i> G. Don
Abstract
Pharmacognostic study of Adenema hyssopifolium was carried out to establish standards in agreement with those of WHO for vegetable drugs. Parameters examined include morphology, quantitative micrographic parameters, physical constant values, extractive values, behavior on treatment with different chemical reagents and fluorescence characters under ultraviolet light after treatment with different reagents. Phytochemical screening of the chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts revealed the presence of flavones and iridoids. Chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanolic extracts were investigated for in vitro cytotoxic activity against nine different types of human cancer panel of 60 different strains of tumor cell lines using the sulforhodamine-B (SRB) binding assay. The chloroform extract showed potent cytotoxicity against non small cell lung cancer cell, leukemia cell, ovarian cancer cell, prostate cancer cell and breast cancer cell lines with the GI50 of 2.66, 10, 10.8, 13 and 10.1 μg/mL in NCI-H223, HL-60(TB), OVCAR-3, PC-3 and MDA-MB-231/ATCC cell lines respectively. Ethyl acetate extract exhibited potent cytotoxicity against non small cell lung cancer cell, colon, melanoma, renal and breast cancer cell lines with the GI50 of 12.7, 10.2, 10, 10.2 and 10.6 μg/mL in EKVX, HCT-15, SK-MEL2, VO-31 and MCF7 cell lines respectively. The information from this study can explain the use of this plant in Indian traditional medicine and suggests great potential for further development into new pharmaceuticals.
Keywords: Adenema hyssopifolium; Cytotoxic activity, Human cell lines, Iridoid glycosides; Microscopy
