F. Bettahar, S. . Abdeddaim, and A. . Betka, “Hardware-in-the-Loop Implementation of the Hybrid FPA-P&O Approach for Optimizing Photovoltaic Systems under Partial Shading Conditions”, Jnl. Ren. Energ., vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 169–185, Aug. 2025.