Fungal ligninases: Techniques and applications

Abstract

Fungal ligninases, a category of extracellular oxidative enzymes primarily generated by white-rot fungi, play a vital role in the biodegradation of lignin, a complex aromatic polymer found in plant cell walls. This review thoroughly examines the classification, mechanisms, extraction techniques, and industrial applications of fungal ligninases, specifically laccases, lignin peroxidases (LiPs), manganese peroxidases (MnPs), and versatile peroxidases (VPs). These enzymes vary in substrate specificity, redox potential, and cofactor requirements, facilitating the degradation of various lignin structures. This review examines various extraction techniques and the methods for detecting and characterizing different types of fungal ligninases. The industrial applications of fungal ligninases have also been discussed, including their roles in the pulp and paper industry, textile dye degradation, cosmetics, medical applications, and biofuel production. The industrial applications of fungal ligninases have also been discussed, including their roles in the pulp and paper industry, textile dye degradation, cosmetics, medical applications, and biofuel production.