Effects of norfloxacin on fetal development in pregnant female rats

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the effect of norfloxacin on pregnant female rats.

Animals: 30 pregnant female rats (170-200 gm of weight and 3.5-4 months age).

Design: Randomized controlled study.

Procedures: The effect of orally administrated norfloxacin, given twice daily for 10 successive days, on the fetal development in pregnant  female rats at therapeutic (35 mg/kg) and double therapeutic (70 mg/kg) doses was investigated in pregnant female rats. At 6th -15th  day of pregnancy, 30 females were classified, in groups of ten rats, into 3 groups. Group 1 (control group): rats were given distilled water  orally. Group 2: rats were given norfloxacin at a dose rate of 35 mg/kg bwt. Group 3: rats were given norfloxacin at a double therapeutic  dose of 70 mg/kg bwt. At 20th day of gestation all pregnant rats were anesthetized to determine the changes; if any; in fetal development  (morphological, visceral, skeletal and histopathological examinations) and on treated dams (biochemical parameters of  serum and histopathological alterations in placenta, liver and kidney).

Results: Administration of norfloxacin, in both doses, to pregnant  females decreased the number of viable feti, fetal body weight and crown-rump length, and increased the number of resorbed feti (P< 0.05). It also induced visceral and skeletal abnormalities in feti. Histopathological examination of internal organs to both dams and feti  revealed pathological alterations in liver and kidney of both, and placenta of the dam. Administration of norfloxacin at both therapeutic  and double therapeutic doses increased  maternal serum transferases levels (ALT and AST), decreased serum albumin and total portein  levels, and increased serum levels of urea and creatinine (P< 0.05).

Conclusion and clinical relevance: High doses of norfloxacin induce  fetal defects and abnormalities in early stage of gestation in rats.