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Apr 30, 2025Keywords:
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Effect of Out-Migration on the Income of Arable Crop Households in Nkwerre Local Government Area, Imo State
Abstract
This study assessed the effect of out-migration on the income of arable crop households in Nkwerre LGA, Imo State. Data were collected from 45 randomly selected households (giving 156 out-migrants) using questionnaires and analyzed with descriptive statistics and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression. Results revealed a high level of out-migration (mean = 4 persons per household, representing 57% of the mean household size). Crucially, most out-migrants (81%) originated from female-headed households (75.56% of the sample), which were also characterized by elderly heads and large household sizes. Regression analysis confirmed that an increase in the number of out-migrants significantly reduced household income. The study concludes that out-migration depletes critical family labour for subsistence-oriented arable crop production, particularly impacting vulnerable female-headed households. Recommendations include targeted support for female-headed households (e.g., access to credit for labour substitution), welfare support for elderly heads, and creating rural livelihood opportunities and amenities to stem out-migration, preserve agricultural labour, and decongest urban centres.
