Nigerian Endocrine Practice

Association of clinical endocrinologists of Nigeria

2026-03-12T09:57:06+00:00

No Abstract

Editorial

2026-03-12T10:19:45+00:00

No Abstract

Dysglycaemia in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in ilorin

2026-03-12T11:07:23+00:00

Background: There is a bidirectional relationship between tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM). Nigeria is a country with a high burden of DM and TB. How common glucose intolerance is in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) among Nigerians has not been well described.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the spectrum of glucose tolerance in adult Nigerian outpatients with PTB.

Participants and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional observational study involving patients with PTB. Glucose tolerance of patients with PTB was determined by an oral glucose tolerance test. Data was obtained for history, physical examinations and anthropometric measurements. The W.H.O. criteria were used to define categories of dysglycaemia. Data entry and management was done using Excel and the statistical analysis was done using statistic package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results are presented as tables and figures. Descriptive statistics are presented as percentages, median and interquartile range. Statistical significance was defined as p value of < 0.05.

Results: One hundred and seventy-seven patients with PTB completed the study, of which 100 (56.5%) participants were male and 77 (43.5%) were female. The median age, weight, body mass index and waist to hip ratios of the PTB patients were 32 years, 54kg, 19.1kg/m2 and 0.85 respectively Overall glucose intolerance occurred in 76 (42.9%) of the participants with no significant difference between men and women. The occurrences of normal glucose tolerance, pre- diabetes and DM were 101 (57.1%), 46 (26.0%) and 30 (16.9%) respectively. Of the 30 patients with DM and PTB, 19 (63.3%) were previously undiagnosed while the remaining 11 were already established DM cases.

Conclusion: Dysglycaemia is common in PTB patients than the general Nigerian population. PTB Patients with undiagnosed DM are more than those with known diagnosis.

Determinants of the practice of self-monitoring of blood glucose by persons with diabetes mellitus in a Tertiary Hospital in North Central Nigeria

2026-03-12T11:29:25+00:00

Background: Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is an integral part of the management of diabetes mellitus (DM) in which persons with diabetes mellitus are empowered to check their blood glucose by themselves using glucometers. There has been a lot of emphasis on the need for persons with diabetes mellitus to practice SMBG in order to help stem the tide of poor glycaemic control, complications of diabetes, and frequent hypoglycaemia episodes. The aim of this study therefore, is to assess for the determinants of SMBG practice among persons with diabetes mellitus in a Tertiary Hospital in North Central Nigeria.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the diabetes clinic of the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja. The nature of the study was explained to the respondents before informed consent was obtained from them. One hundred and forty five (145) respondents were consecutively enrolled from the clinic. Data was collected using questionnaires administered by trained assistants to the respondents. Data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS version 21 (IBM SPSS Co. LTD., New York, USA; June 8, 2012). Results were expressed as means and standard deviation at 95% confidence interval. Student ‘t’ test was used to compare continuous variables while chi square was used to compare categorical variables. The significance level used was p < 0.05.

Results: Logistic regression showed that significant determinants of SMBG practice include gender (odds ratio [OR]=2.15, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]=1.04-4.46, p=0.039); educational status (OR 1.46, CI 1.03-1.97, p=0.031); SMBG education (OR 9.18, CI 3.52-23.97, p<0.0001); duration of disease (OR 1.08, CI 1.01-1.16, p=0.019); type of treatment (OR 1.91, CI 1.11-3.38, p=0.019); and owning a glucometer (OR 4.22, CI 1.64-10.84, p=0.003).

Conclusion: The determinants of SMBG practice include educational status (high education), prior education on SMBG, owning a glucometer, and insulin treatment. Other enablers of SMBG practice include longer duration of treatment, diary keeping, and male gender.

Knowledge and use of SGLT-2 inhibitors among doctors at Family Medicine Training centres in Lagos Nigeria

2026-03-12T11:45:44+00:00

Background: Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2-i) are a class of antidiabetic drugs with proven cardiovascular and renal benefits, however its use in primary care is not widespread. Family Physicians manage a large number of type 2 Diabetics, hence they should be conversant with the use of the medication.

Objective: To assess the knowledge and Use of SGLT2-i among Doctors at Family Medicine Training Centers in Lagos Nigeria.

Methods: An online survey using google forms was carried out from February -March 2023 among doctors at Family Medicine Training Centers in Lagos State Nigeria. Information was obtained on the knowledge and use of SGLT-2 Inhibitors. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 26.

Results: A total of 63 participants from 6 residency centers participated. Majority (97%) were aware of SGLT-2 inhibitors and more than half (57.1%) prescribed it. The reported indications for its use were Type 2 DM (61.9%), chronic kidney disease (31.7%) and heart failure (53.9%). The risk of UTI (74.6%), increased creatinine levels (42.8%) and DKA (39.6%) were most common known side effects. The cost (51.9%) and perception that other specialists should use it (29.6%) were barriers to its use. Centre of practice was associated with use of SGLT-2 inhibitors (p-0.04).

Conclusion: There is a good knowledge of SGLT-2 inhibitors among Family Physicians in Lagos state. The use of SGLTinhibitors can be strengthened by further training and collaboration. There is a need for a national survey to generalize to other family physicians.

Multiple endocrine neoplasia Type 2a: A case report

2026-03-12T11:59:27+00:00

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2A (MEN 2A) is a rare genetic disorder that affects the endocrine system and is caused by mutations in the RET proto-oncogene. MEN 2A is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern and characterized by the development of tumours in multiple endocrine glands, including the thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, and adrenal glands. We report a case A 26-year-old woman with 10years history of recurrent headaches of sudden onset, severe and pulsating in nature with associated palpitation, diaphoresis, anxiety, feeling of impending doom, tremors and syncope. Each episode lasted for about one hour before gradually disappearing with rest. Cardiovascular systerm findings revealed tachycardia and paroxysms of hypertension. Neck examination showed a nodular, non-tender, firm mass measuring 6cm by 4cm. Serum metanephrine and normetanephrine as well as 24 hours urine normetanephrine and metanephrine excretion were high. Serum parathyroid hormone and calcitonin levels were also high. She was stabilized on tablet phenoxybenzamine then beta-blocker, and bisphosphonate and has successfully had surgical therapy.

Menopause and the endocrine system: A review

2026-03-12T12:45:36+00:00

No Abstract

Management of diabetes during Ramadan : An update

2026-03-13T07:43:42+00:00

Background: Fasting during Ramadan poses unique challenges for individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) due to the risk of hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, and dehydration. This review explores current practices in managing DM during Ramadan, focusing on risk stratification, preRamadan education, medication adjustments, and emerging technologies. By synthesizing recent evidences, the article highlights best practices and identifies gaps requiring further research to optimize care for fasting individuals with DM.

Association of clinical endocrinologist of Nigeria & endocrine & metabolism society of Nigeria experts’ opinion on seasonal influenza and diabetes mellitus

2026-03-12T13:26:20+00:00

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder affecting millions of individuals worldwide, with a prevalence of 3.7% of the adult population in Nigeria according to publication of the internal Diabetes Federation 2021 (IDF 2021). Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by hyperglycemia because of a reduction in insulin secretion, insulin resistance, or both and this poses a significant burden on the healthcare system. This is due to its associated acute complications (diabetic ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia, diabetic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state) and chronic complications.1 Majority of the morbidities associated with T2DM occur in low- and middle-income countries like Nigeria.1 People with diabetes are prone to infections including viral infections. The recent COVID-19 pandemic exposed further this vulnerability as the people with DM were disproportionally affected with the highest mortality occurring in them.2 Influenza, commonly referred to as the “flu”, is a highly contagious respiratory infection that can lead to severe complications, especially in vulnerable populations such as individuals with diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Individuals with diabetes are prone to a compromised immune response, making them more susceptible to infections.3 Among these infections, influenza stands out as a significant threat due to its potential to exacerbate the diabetes-related complications and lead to increased frequency of hospitalizations.3 The interplay between diabetes and influenza can execerbate the risk of complications and significantly impact the healthcare system. Patients with T2DM are at higher risk and are six times more likely to be hospitalized with influenza or pneumonia4-5 and three times more likely to die from influenza complications compared with the general population.6 Hence, the management of diabetes mellitus has evolved significantly, with greater emphasis on holistic care and strategies to prevent complications including vaccinations.7