The <i>In Vitro</i> Comparison of the Retention of an Implant-Supported Stud Attachment Locator and Straumann Ball Attachment at Different Angulations

Abstract

Aim: In this study, we investigated the retention of two attachment types, Straumann ball (SB) and Straumann Locator® (SL) attachments, on different implant angulations and identified the most appropriate treatment type or attachment system for each angulation. Materials and Methods: The attachments placed on angulation of 0°‑, 10°‑, and 20° implants were subjected to 1440 vertical insertion‑separation cycles. The retention values of the attachments after 0, 720, and 1440 cycles were measured using the Instron machine. In addition, scanning electron microscopy images of the attachments and abutments were obtained before and after the insertion–separation process. Results: There was a significant difference between the SB and SL attachments that were placed on 0° after 1440 cycles (P < 0.05) and between 20° SB and 20° SL attachments after 720 and 1440 cycles (P < 0.05) in terms of retention. No significant difference was observed between 20° SB and 20° SL attachments at 0 cycles (P > 0.05). Conclusions: In implants with a 20° angle, retention of stud attachments decreased more than ball attachments after use. Thus, the total angle between the implants should not be <20° if long‑term retention is desired when using stud attachments. For implants with angles >20°, 6‑month patient controls are required to control retention of attachments by considering factors in the mouth with the two tested attachment systems.

Keywords: Ball attachment, dental implants, implant angulation, implant overdenture, stud attachment