Antiplasmodial Activity of Extracts and Fractions of <i>Mangifera Indica</i> Against <i>Plasmodium Berghei</i>

Abstract

The antiplasmodial activity of extracts and fractions of Mangifera indica was carried out in a 4-day suppressive and 7-day curative test procedure. Six  groups of animals were administered with crude extracts of 80% methanol, dichloromethane, and fractions of petroleum acetate, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol respectively while the control group received 0.2ml of normal saline and the positive control was given 5mg/kg chloroquine phosphate. The animals administered with dichloromethane extract produced the highest survival time (21.50€ 1.19) days and significantly different (P<0.05) compared to the control, while the methanolic extract and the ethyl acetate fraction groups showed no significant difference (P>0.05).  A dose of 200mg/kg/day of ethyl acetate fraction of M. indica applied orally, reduced parasitaemia by >50%. The extracts and fractions of M. indica showed significance difference (P<0.05) in parasitaemia reduction. This was equivalent to the median effective dose (ED50) of <200mg/kg/day when compared to the normal saline group. The result suggested that the >50% reduction in Plasmodium  berghei parasitaemia obtained from the extracts and fractions was not unconnected to the leaves of M. indica.

Keywords: Antiplasmodial, Mangifera indica,  extracts,  fractions,  Plasmodium berghei