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Jun 22, 2026Keywords:
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Main Article Content
An enhanced secure cooperative relay systems with SADEA-optimised hybrid decode-amplify-forward protocols
Abstract
One of the most crucial tasks in modern wireless communication systems is to ensure dependable transmission security. Unfortunately, traditional secure data transmission techniques are vulnerable to eavesdropping, while modern methods struggle with complexity, power consumption, and dynamic channels. Cooperative jamming is limited by power allocation and synchronization in decentralized networks. This paper proposes a Secure Space Diversity-Based Hybrid Decode Amplify and Forward (HDAF) Cooperative Relay Protocol to address these issues. It utilizes Space Diversity (SD), HDAF, and Information-theoretic security (IS) for secure communication. Relay selection is optimized based on SNR, while exclusive OR (XOR) processing at relays ensures data confidentiality. The Surrogate Model-Assisted Differential Evolution for Antenna Synthesis (SADEA) algorithm is used to optimize antenna configurations at the transmitter. Using machine learning-driven Gaussian process models with Differential Evolution (DE), SADEA can enhance efficiency and reduce computational costs. The proposed HDAF protocol outperforms conventional methods, achieving a 96.86%, 36.36%, 19.94% reduction in Bit Error Rate (BER), Outage Probability (OP) and Secrecy Outage (SO) respectively via MATLAB simulations at an SNR of 0 dB and L = 2 for 64-PSK modulation. The HDAF protocol is therefore proposed as one of the best candidates for enhancing physical layer security in wireless networks.
