Exploring diversity in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) among lean, overweight, and obese patients: A Multicenter study from India.

Abstract

Background: One common chronic liver illness is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affecting individuals
across various body weights. Traditionally associated with obesity, NAFLD is now increasingly observed in overweight
and lean individuals as well. This research investigates the clinical, metabolic, dietary pattern, and socio-demographic
differences of NAFLD in lean, overweight, and obese individuals across various centers in two Indian states.
Methodology: Conducted as a cross-sectional observational study with 154 NAFLD patients aged 18-65 years across
four centers [Odisha (OD) -3; Uttar Pradesh (UP) -1], the research utilized a self-administered questionnaire to gather
socio-economic, biochemical, and clinical data. Data analysis involved Chi-square tests at a 0.05 significance level. Trail
Registration: CTRI/2024/04/065699.
Result: The majority of NAFLD cases were found in obese patients (37.01% in Odisha and 35.06% in UP). Overweight
NAFLD was more common in UP (10.39%), while lean NAFLD was more prevalent in Odisha (7.14%). Obesity was
significantly associated with diabetes in both states (p=0.020). Constipation was notable in overweight and obese groups
(p=0.001 and p=0.027), and bloating was more frequent in overweight individuals (p=0.064). Loss of appetite was
significant among lean NAFLD patients. Biochemical parameters and food consumption across ten food groups showed
no significant variation.
Conclusion: Overall, NAFLD was more common among obese patients, highlighting the need for tailored dietary
interventions based on body type.