Early embryonic death in equines and camelids

Abstract

This paper includes the study of early embryonic death (EED), predisposing factors of EED and treatment. EED refers to the fetal mortality which varies in  mare and camelids but most probably not later than 50 days of gestation. This duration may be divided into very early mortality, early mortality and late  embryonic mortality. This also varies in mare and camelids. There are different embryonic, maternal, environmental/external, and infectious and  noninfectious factors which lead to early embryonic loss. Diagnosis is very difficult as in most of the cases resorption of fetus occurs but it is done by the  use of ultrasound. Unfortunately, there is no treatment to avoid early embryonic mortality. However, new reproductive technologies have increased the  service rate in a herd, and efforts are still being made to determine the rate and frequency of camel embryonic loss